Autonomic NS

Question 1

the sympathetic NS is also called the _______ division

Answer 1

thoracolumbar

Question 2

where do the preganglionic neuron cell bodies originate in the sympathetic NS?

Answer 2

-lateral horns of the spinal segments T1-L2

Question 3

synapses in the sympathetic NS can happen in 3 places. What are they?

Answer 3

1) sympathetic trunk
2) collateral ganglia
3) adrenal medulla

Question 4

describe the sympathetic trunk synapse: sympathetic trunk

Answer 4

• longest tract
• runs right down side of spine
• ganglia are made up of fibres ascending or descending from T1-L2

Question 5

describe the sympathetic trunk synapse: collateral ganglia

Answer 5

-3 ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)

Question 6

describe the sympathetic trunk synapse: adrenal medulla

Answer 6

• celiac ganglion - 1 really long pre-ganglionic neuron travels to adrenal medulla
• not traditional ganglia - synapses directly in organ itself

Question 7

______ preganglionic neurons are shorter than post

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

______ preganglionic neurons are longer than post

Answer 8

parasympathetic

Question 9

in the ______ NS, preganglionic neurons are myelinated and postganglionic neurons are not

Answer 9

sympathetic

Question 10

what are the 3 collateral ganglia in the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 10

1) celiac (superior)
2) superior mesenteric
3) inferior mesenteric (inferior)

Question 11

what is the function of splanchnic nerves?

Answer 11

carry info from preganglionic axons to collateral ganglia

Question 12

what are the 3 splanchnic nerves?

Answer 12

• greater
• lesser
• lumbar

Question 13

preganglionic axons synapsing to adrenal medulla pass directly through _____ ganglia

Answer 13

celiac

Question 14

what body cavity do the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia lie in?

Answer 14

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 15

which 2 neurotransmitters does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 15

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 16

axons from what neurons innervate the adrenal medulla?

Answer 16

axons from preganglionic neurons that pass through the celiac ganglia

Question 17

the parasympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the _____ division

Answer 17

craniosacral

Question 18

which 4 cranial nerves do parasympathetic fibres originate from?

Answer 18

III, VII, IX, X

Question 19

what portion of the brain do do the CNs that innervate parasympathetic fibres originate from?

Answer 19

III - midbrain
VII - pons
IX, X - medulla

all 3 regions of the brainstem

Question 20

the largest amount of parasympathetic outflow comes from which CN?

Answer 20

vagus (X) (or cell bodies from sacral area

Question 21

which has a more localized effects? sympathetic or parasympathetic division? why?

Answer 21

parasympathetic - because their preganglionic fibres are long so they release neurotransmitters closer to target organs/effectors

Question 22

which parasympathetic neurons are found within the CNS?

Answer 22

preganglionic

Question 23

where do the cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons lie?

Answer 23

ventral horn (different from sympathetic)

Question 24

what are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia from superior to inferior?

Answer 24

• pterygopalatine
• ciliary
• submandibular
• otic

Question 25

which neurotransmitters are released from the pre and postganglionic neurons from the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

Answer 25

parasympathetic: - pre: ACh - post: ACh sympathetic: - pre: ACh - post: ACh/NE

Question 26

visceral reflex - def

Answer 26

autonomic reflexes initiated by the viscera -provide automatic motor responses that can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centres (especially hypothalamus)

Question 27

describe the path of a long visceral reflex

Answer 27

1) stimulus stimulates receptors in peripheral tissue 2) impulse travels up afferent sensory fibre 3) processing center in SC (or brainstem) 4) impulse travels through preganglionic neuron 5) stimulation of autonomic ganglion (sympathetic or parasympathetic) 6) impulse travels through postganglionic neuron 7) response in peripheral effector

Question 28

describe the path of a short visceral reflex

Answer 28

1) stimulus stimulates receptors in peripheral tissue 2) impulse reaches afferent sensory fibres 3) impulse reaches autonomic ganglion (sympathetic or parasympathetic) 4) impulse reaches postganglionic neuron 5) response in peripheral effector DOES NOT REACH SC