blood Flashcards
what are the 2 components of whole blood
1) plasma (46-63%)
2) formed elements (37-54%)
what are the 3 main components of plasma?
1) water (92%)
2) proteins
3) other solutes
plasma: proteins
1) albumins (60%)
- transport
2) globulins (35%)
- immunoglobulins - immune function
3) fibrinogen (4%)
- clotting
4) regulatory proteins (1%)
plasma: other solutes
1) electrolytes
2) organic nutrients
- cell metabolism, aTP production
3) organic wastes
- bi-products - e.g. creatine
if you remove clotting properties fro plasma, it’s called _____
serum
what are the 3 components of formed elements?
1) RBC (99%)
2) WBC (less than 1%)
3) platelets (less than 1%)
what are the 5 WBCs in the blood
1) neutrophils (50-70%
2) lymphocytes (20-30%)
3) monocytes (4%)
4) eosinophils (2-4%)
5) basophils (less than 1%)
what is the main function of RBCs?
-oxygen transport and some removal or carbon dioxide
what is the main function of WBCs
- defending against pathogens
- removing waste products from blood by engulfing foreign pathogens
describe the structure of a RBC and its significance
- unique concave shape
- increases surface area for oxygen transport
- easily transport through capillaries by stacking into “rouleaus”
- no organelles - don’t want cell to use oxygen
- 4 heme groups and one Fe group that binds oxygen
hematocrit
-% RBC in blood
what is a pulse oximeter
-measures percent oxygen in blood (should be above 95%)
what makes our blood red?
- iron in blood proteins
- blood in veins is deep red, when iron is exposed to oxygen blood turns bright red
histological characteristics and functions of basophils
- release histamine and heparin - inflammation
- dark blue/purple stain
- granules hide nucleus a bit
histological characteristics and functions of eosinophils
- red cytoplasm, bi-lobe nucleus
- allergic reaction
histological characteristics and functions of neutrophils
- 1st cells to arrive at immune response
- pale cytoplasm, multiple nuclei
histological characteristics and functions of monocytes
- pale cytoplasm, kidney shaped nucleus
- arrive after neutrophils, engulf foreign particles
histological characteristics and functions of lymphocytes
- large nucleus
- main cell of lymphatic system
which WBCs are granular
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
never eat bananas
which WBCs are agranular
- monocytes
- lymphocytes
monkeys let
look at pics of WBCs
histology
______ adhere to injury site and aggregate to form plug
platelets
_____ form the plug in hemostasis
fibrin strands
hemostasis
- process to stop bleeding when there is damage to blood vessel walls
- platelets arrive first to form plug
- fibrin - comes from fibrinogen and forms strands - framework/lattice work to fix hole; stabilize scar tissue/clot
where do platelets come from?
- megakaryocytes from bone marrow
- shed off packets of cytoplasm which become platelets
- majority stored in spleen (has about 1/3 of platelets at any time)
what is the lifespan of platelets?
10-12 days
hemopoiesis - def
- process of blood cell formation
- occurs in bone marrow
- come from hematopoietic stem cells which become either lymphoid stem cells or myeloid stem cells
erythropoiesis - def
- formation of erythrocytes (RBCs)
- occurs primarily in red bone marrow
- regulated by hormone erythropoietin (EPO) from kidneys
leukopoiesis - def
- formation of white blood cells
- in adults, occurs in the red bone marrow
lymphopoiesis - def
- formation of lymphocytes
- red bone marrow
- some lymphocytes are derived from lymphoid stem cells that remain in red bone marrow - these differentiate into either C or NK cells
- many lymphoid stem cells that produce lymphocytes migrate to peripheral lymphatic tissues (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes; lymphocytes produced in these organs as well)
which blood type is the universal donor?
O-
which blood type os the universal recipient?
AB+
