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KIN 3320 > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 components of whole blood

A

1) plasma (46-63%)

2) formed elements (37-54%)

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2
Q

what are the 3 main components of plasma?

A

1) water (92%)
2) proteins
3) other solutes

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3
Q

plasma: proteins

A

1) albumins (60%)
- transport
2) globulins (35%)
- immunoglobulins - immune function
3) fibrinogen (4%)
- clotting
4) regulatory proteins (1%)

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4
Q

plasma: other solutes

A

1) electrolytes
2) organic nutrients
- cell metabolism, aTP production
3) organic wastes
- bi-products - e.g. creatine

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5
Q

if you remove clotting properties fro plasma, it’s called _____

A

serum

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6
Q

what are the 3 components of formed elements?

A

1) RBC (99%)
2) WBC (less than 1%)
3) platelets (less than 1%)

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7
Q

what are the 5 WBCs in the blood

A

1) neutrophils (50-70%
2) lymphocytes (20-30%)
3) monocytes (4%)
4) eosinophils (2-4%)
5) basophils (less than 1%)

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8
Q

what is the main function of RBCs?

A

-oxygen transport and some removal or carbon dioxide

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9
Q

what is the main function of WBCs

A
  • defending against pathogens

- removing waste products from blood by engulfing foreign pathogens

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10
Q

describe the structure of a RBC and its significance

A
  • unique concave shape
  • increases surface area for oxygen transport
  • easily transport through capillaries by stacking into “rouleaus”
  • no organelles - don’t want cell to use oxygen
  • 4 heme groups and one Fe group that binds oxygen
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11
Q

hematocrit

A

-% RBC in blood

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12
Q

what is a pulse oximeter

A

-measures percent oxygen in blood (should be above 95%)

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13
Q

what makes our blood red?

A
  • iron in blood proteins

- blood in veins is deep red, when iron is exposed to oxygen blood turns bright red

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14
Q

histological characteristics and functions of basophils

A
  • release histamine and heparin - inflammation
  • dark blue/purple stain
  • granules hide nucleus a bit
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15
Q

histological characteristics and functions of eosinophils

A
  • red cytoplasm, bi-lobe nucleus

- allergic reaction

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16
Q

histological characteristics and functions of neutrophils

A
  • 1st cells to arrive at immune response

- pale cytoplasm, multiple nuclei

17
Q

histological characteristics and functions of monocytes

A
  • pale cytoplasm, kidney shaped nucleus

- arrive after neutrophils, engulf foreign particles

18
Q

histological characteristics and functions of lymphocytes

A
  • large nucleus

- main cell of lymphatic system

19
Q

which WBCs are granular

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils

never eat bananas

20
Q

which WBCs are agranular

A
  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes

monkeys let

21
Q

look at pics of WBCs

A

histology

22
Q

______ adhere to injury site and aggregate to form plug

A

platelets

23
Q

_____ form the plug in hemostasis

A

fibrin strands

24
Q

hemostasis

A
  • process to stop bleeding when there is damage to blood vessel walls
  • platelets arrive first to form plug
  • fibrin - comes from fibrinogen and forms strands - framework/lattice work to fix hole; stabilize scar tissue/clot
25
Q

where do platelets come from?

A
  • megakaryocytes from bone marrow
  • shed off packets of cytoplasm which become platelets
  • majority stored in spleen (has about 1/3 of platelets at any time)
26
Q

what is the lifespan of platelets?

A

10-12 days

27
Q

hemopoiesis - def

A
  • process of blood cell formation
  • occurs in bone marrow
  • come from hematopoietic stem cells which become either lymphoid stem cells or myeloid stem cells
28
Q

erythropoiesis - def

A
  • formation of erythrocytes (RBCs)
  • occurs primarily in red bone marrow
  • regulated by hormone erythropoietin (EPO) from kidneys
29
Q

leukopoiesis - def

A
  • formation of white blood cells

- in adults, occurs in the red bone marrow

30
Q

lymphopoiesis - def

A
  • formation of lymphocytes
  • red bone marrow
  • some lymphocytes are derived from lymphoid stem cells that remain in red bone marrow - these differentiate into either C or NK cells
  • many lymphoid stem cells that produce lymphocytes migrate to peripheral lymphatic tissues (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes; lymphocytes produced in these organs as well)
31
Q

which blood type is the universal donor?

A

O-

32
Q

which blood type os the universal recipient?

A

AB+

KIN 3320 (19 decks)

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