Ch 4 - Integumentary System Flashcards
what are the functions of the integumentary system?
1) protection
- from external environment
- limits fluid movement from inside to outside the body
2) secretion
- from glands - antibacterial properties
3) immunity
4) sensation
- e.g. touch
5) synthesis of vitamin D3
- from sunlight
6) excretion
- remove waste from body (not maintain homeostasis)
7) thermoregulation
- dilation of vessels
- sweating
true or false? the integumentary system contains all 4 primary tissue types? name these tissues
true, epithelial, muscle (only smooth in integumentary system; erector pili), nervous, connective
what is the purpose of the epidermis
1) protects the dermis from trauma, chemicals
2) controls skin permeability, and prevents water loss
3) prevents entry of pathogens
4) synthesizes vitamin D3
5) sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
what is the purpose of the papillary layer of the dermis
-nourishes and supports epidermis
what is the purpose of the reticular layer of the dermis
1) restricts spread of pathogens penetrating epidermis
2) stores lipids
3) attaches skin to deeper tissues
4) sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature
5) blood vessels assist in thermoregulation
which 2 structures make up the cutaneous membrane
- epidermis
- dermis
which three structures make up the accessory structures of the integumentary system
1) hair follicles
2) exocrine glands
3) nails
what is the purpose of hair follicles
1) produce hairs that protect the skull
2) produce hairs that provide delicate touch sensations on general body surface
what is the purpose of exocrine glands in the integumentary system
1) assist in thermoregulation
2) excrete wastes
3) lubricate epidermis
what is the purpose of nails in the integumentary system
-protect and support tips of fingers and toes
the subcutaneous layer of skin is part of the integumentary system
true or false?
false
what are the 4 cell types found in the epidermis?
1) keratinocytes
- produce keratin
2) melanocytes
- pigment of skin
3) merkel cells
- sensation - found in hairless skin (lips, palms, soles)
4) langerhans cells
- immune response
name the 5 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
what is the stratum corneum
- multiple layers of dead keratinocytes (no nucleus or organelles)
- water resistant (not proof)
- very thick
what is the stratum lucidum
- only in thick skin
- lack organelles and nuclei
- flat, densely packed
- filled with keratin filaments
what is the stratum granulosum
- cells become flattened
- granules contain proteins
- still contain nucleated cells - most superficial layer that is still alive
- release lipid-rich substance that coats cells and makes them water resistant
what is the stratum spinosum
- some keratinocytes divide here
- made of melanocytes (they are most common in this layer)
- langerhans cells - immune response (most common in this layer)
- several layers thick - thickest “alive” layer
what is the stratum basale
- deepest - attached to basal lamina
- produce keratinocytes
- single layer of cells
- melanocytes, Merkel cells, langerhans cells
which layer of the cutaneous membrane is responsible for giving us our fingerprints?
dermis - results from dermal papillae that go up into epidermal ridge and give us our fingerprints
Reynolds - def
when there is no blood flow in an area (area turns white)
cyanosis - def
not enough blood flow; blood in area has pooled for long period, no more oxygen; skin turns blue
edema - def
pooling of blood in an area; skin turns red
skin colour is affected by which two things?
- blood flow in the area
- melanocyte and carotene activity
a portion of the dermis contains adipose tissue
true or false?
false, only the subcutaneous layer
dermis: papillary layer
- contains dermal papillae
- attachment for epidermis
- capillaries and sensory neurons (whereas epidermis is avascular)
dermis: reticular layer
- more blood vessels and lymphatic vessels than papillary layer
- hair follicles found here
- nerves
- sweat and sebaceous glands
what are the layers of a hair follicle from deep to superficial?
1) medulla (core)
2) cortex
3) cuticle
4) internal root sheath
5) external root sheath
6) glassy membrane
7) CT sheath
what are the two types of exocrine glands in the skin?
1) sebaceous glands
2) sweat glands
what are the two types of sweat glands?
1) apocrine
- secrete onto hair follicles
- ceruminous glands and mammary glands
2) eccrine
- more numerous
- secrete directly onto skin surface
what are sebaceous glands
- secrete oily sebum
- antibacterial properties
- typical sebaceous gland: attached to the hair
- sebaceous follicles: not attached to hair follicles
look at all integumentary system diagrams
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