Ch 4 - Integumentary System

Question 1

what are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

1) protection
- from external environment
- limits fluid movement from inside to outside the body
2) secretion
- from glands - antibacterial properties
3) immunity
4) sensation
- e.g. touch
5) synthesis of vitamin D3
- from sunlight
6) excretion
- remove waste from body (not maintain homeostasis)
7) thermoregulation
- dilation of vessels
- sweating

Question 2

true or false? the integumentary system contains all 4 primary tissue types? name these tissues

Answer 2

true, epithelial, muscle (only smooth in integumentary system; erector pili), nervous, connective

Question 3

what is the purpose of the epidermis

Answer 3

1) protects the dermis from trauma, chemicals
2) controls skin permeability, and prevents water loss
3) prevents entry of pathogens
4) synthesizes vitamin D3
5) sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

Question 4

what is the purpose of the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 4

-nourishes and supports epidermis

Question 5

what is the purpose of the reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 5

1) restricts spread of pathogens penetrating epidermis
2) stores lipids
3) attaches skin to deeper tissues
4) sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature
5) blood vessels assist in thermoregulation

Question 6

which 2 structures make up the cutaneous membrane

Answer 6

• epidermis

- dermis

Question 7

which three structures make up the accessory structures of the integumentary system

Answer 7

1) hair follicles
2) exocrine glands
3) nails

Question 8

what is the purpose of hair follicles

Answer 8

1) produce hairs that protect the skull

2) produce hairs that provide delicate touch sensations on general body surface

Question 9

what is the purpose of exocrine glands in the integumentary system

Answer 9

1) assist in thermoregulation
2) excrete wastes
3) lubricate epidermis

Question 10

what is the purpose of nails in the integumentary system

Answer 10

-protect and support tips of fingers and toes

Question 11

the subcutaneous layer of skin is part of the integumentary system

true or false?

Answer 11

false

Question 12

what are the 4 cell types found in the epidermis?

Answer 12

1) keratinocytes
- produce keratin
2) melanocytes
- pigment of skin
3) merkel cells
- sensation - found in hairless skin (lips, palms, soles)
4) langerhans cells
- immune response

Question 13

name the 5 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

Answer 13

• stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinosum
• stratum basale

Question 14

what is the stratum corneum

Answer 14

• multiple layers of dead keratinocytes (no nucleus or organelles)
• water resistant (not proof)
• very thick

Question 15

what is the stratum lucidum

Answer 15

• only in thick skin
• lack organelles and nuclei
• flat, densely packed
• filled with keratin filaments

Question 16

what is the stratum granulosum

Answer 16

• cells become flattened
• granules contain proteins
• still contain nucleated cells - most superficial layer that is still alive
• release lipid-rich substance that coats cells and makes them water resistant

Question 17

what is the stratum spinosum

Answer 17

• some keratinocytes divide here
• made of melanocytes (they are most common in this layer)
• langerhans cells - immune response (most common in this layer)
• several layers thick - thickest “alive” layer

Question 18

what is the stratum basale

Answer 18

• deepest - attached to basal lamina
• produce keratinocytes
• single layer of cells
• melanocytes, Merkel cells, langerhans cells

Question 19

which layer of the cutaneous membrane is responsible for giving us our fingerprints?

Answer 19

dermis - results from dermal papillae that go up into epidermal ridge and give us our fingerprints

Question 20

Reynolds - def

Answer 20

when there is no blood flow in an area (area turns white)

Question 21

cyanosis - def

Answer 21

not enough blood flow; blood in area has pooled for long period, no more oxygen; skin turns blue

Question 22

edema - def

Answer 22

pooling of blood in an area; skin turns red

Question 23

skin colour is affected by which two things?

Answer 23

• blood flow in the area

- melanocyte and carotene activity

Question 24

a portion of the dermis contains adipose tissue

true or false?

Answer 24

false, only the subcutaneous layer

Question 25

dermis: papillary layer

Answer 25

• contains dermal papillae
• attachment for epidermis
• capillaries and sensory neurons (whereas epidermis is avascular)

Question 26

dermis: reticular layer

Answer 26

• more blood vessels and lymphatic vessels than papillary layer
• hair follicles found here
• nerves
• sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 27

what are the layers of a hair follicle from deep to superficial?

Answer 27

1) medulla (core)
2) cortex
3) cuticle
4) internal root sheath
5) external root sheath
6) glassy membrane
7) CT sheath

Question 28

what are the two types of exocrine glands in the skin?

Answer 28

1) sebaceous glands

2) sweat glands

Question 29

what are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 29

1) apocrine
- secrete onto hair follicles
- ceruminous glands and mammary glands
2) eccrine
- more numerous
- secrete directly onto skin surface

Question 30

what are sebaceous glands

Answer 30

• secrete oily sebum
• antibacterial properties
• typical sebaceous gland: attached to the hair
• sebaceous follicles: not attached to hair follicles

Question 31

look at all integumentary system diagrams

Answer 31

label