Test 3

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 1

It involves 2 parents. It is the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote

Question 2

What gamete

Answer 2

It is a sex cell

Question 3

What is puberty like for males

Answer 3

Puberty occurs between 12 and 14 years. The hormones cause, sperm production, growth spurts, growth of tsetse and penis, deepening voice and growth of body facial hair

Question 4

What is the placenta

Answer 4

This is a structure that forms from some of the embryo cells and cells from the womb lining. Blood passes from the body to the placenta through the umbilical cord

Question 5

What does the placenta do

Answer 5

The placenta allows substances to diffuse between the mother and the baby without there bodies mixing. food nutrients and oxygen pass to the baby while carbon dioxide and other waste pass to the mother

Question 6

What happens during pregnancy

Answer 6

The zygote divides many times to form a clump of cells called the embryo. Implantation is the attachment of the embryo to the womb lining. The embryo becomes surrounded by the amnion membrane. The amnion fills with amniotic fluid to protect the growing foetus

Question 7

What are the steeps of birth

Answer 7

Step 1: Contractions of the uterus wall “labour “ begins.They Cause the amnion to burst, and the amniotic fluid to flow out through the vagina “breaking of the waters”

Step 2: The cervix widens (dilates) and the baby is pushed head first out through the vagina. The umbilical cord is clamped and cut. The baby takes its first breath.

Step 3: The placenta and the remains of the umbilical cord are pushed out through the vagina afterbirth.

Question 8

What advantages does breast milk have

Answer 8

It contains all the nutrients needed for the baby
It contains antibiotics to help fight infections

Question 9

How can we prevent fertilisation naturally

Answer 9

By avoiding intercourse between days 9-16

Question 10

How can you prevent fertilisation artificially

Answer 10

-use of condoms
-use of the contraceptive pill
-surgery to cut out and tie the fallopian tube and the sperm duct

Question 11

What is an ethical reason we prevent implementation

Answer 11

The rights and wrongs are often influenced by religion

Question 12

What is a societal issue for preventing implementation

Answer 12

The laws of a country reflect the beliefs of the population usually

Question 13

What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Answer 13

Eggs are removed from the ovaries and are then fertilised with sperm cells on a Petri dish. The zygotes formed are allowed develop into embryos. The Embryos are then placed in the woman’s uterus and allowed to implant. If successful pregnancy proceeds normally

Question 14

Advantages of IVF

Answer 14

IVF allows couples to have a child who might not be able too

Question 15

Disadvantage of IVF

Answer 15

It’s very expensive, higher chance of multiple pregnancy, higher risk of birth defects

Question 16

Ethical issues of IVF

Answer 16

Not a natural process, not all embryos produced are used

Question 17

What ate stem cells

Answer 17

Stem cells can develop into any cell. They are found in embryos, umbilical cords and bone marrow. They have potential to be used for growing transplants organs

Question 18

What is the menstrual cycle

Answer 18

The menstrual cycle is a series of changes that take place in females about every 28 days between puberty and the menopause. The menstrual cycle does not take place during pregnancy

Question 19

What happens during days 1 to 5 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 19

The lining of the uterus breaks down. This lining, along with some blood, is passed out of the body through the vagina.

Question 20

What happens during days 6 to 13 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 20

A new lining develops in the uterus. This lining will be needed to nourish a developing baby if the female becomes pregnant. The egg continues to develop in the ovary.

Question 21

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

The egg is released from the ovary. This is called ovulation. The egg can survive for 2 days in the fallopian tube.

Question 22

What happens on days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 22

The lining of the uterus remains in place. It will break down on the first day of the next menstrual cycle.