Technical Rescue SOGs(Paragraphs 4000-5400) Flashcards
Chapter 5 Article 10 refers to _____.
Helicopter SOGs for Air Group guidelines
All safety checks are done on all _____,
_____, and your ____.
rope system components
yourself
team members
The remaining team member on the helo
is the _____. He is seated on the _____ of
the helicopter. He has the power _____ if
necessary.
safety officer
right side rear
to stop all operations
The _____ determines who is in the flight
crew including rescue personnel.
PIC-pilot in charge
Search area is determined by these 3 people
PIC
IC
Rescue Captain
Every member on board the helicopter will
act as _____.
rescue observers
Wearing seatbelts is mandatory except
when _____.
it hinders the insertion/extraction of personnel or patients
Do not put anything above the height of ____.
the helicopter door
the helicopter microphone should be
adjusted so that it ____.
barely touches your lips
A rescue observer moving from the front
seat to the back must be _____.
secured to a designated anchor point
no _____ in flight unless approved by the pilot
dynamic weight shifts
yaw:
to turn from side to side
no _____ inside the helicopter
loose equipment
if an emergency in flight, team members
shall _____ and follow the _____.
remain seated
pilot’s instructions
team members shall ____ from the pilot’s
controls at _____.
stay clear
all times
According to the SOGs, all insertions
shall include ____ team members
2 or more
6 things required for ocean insertions
radio fins mask knife floatation vest strobe is required at night only
hover boarding is for _____ only
extraction
hover boarding is at a height that ____
enables the rescue personnel to grasp the
skid and climb aboad
when entering the helicopter, do so as
_____ as possible.
smoothly
All personnel must be _____ to the pilot
during extraction.
visible
All rigging for helo ops will use both
the _____ . In addition, if lowering, the
_____ will be secured to the _____.
primary and secondary anchors
tail end of the rope
secondary anchor
Any safety officer/rappel master will be
_____ to the helicopter.
secured/tied off
Fixed line flyaway is a specific type of
_____ that refers to when a ____ and a
_____ are transported together to safety
on a _____ and _____ line beneath the helo.
sling loading rescuer patient fixed suspended
Before giving a rescuer a line for a fixed
line flyaway or slingload for extraction, the
line must be ____.
locked off
When preparing for a diaper pick-off from
the helicopter, the diaper should be rigged
with _____ attached to the _____.
separate carabiner
figure 8 on a bight
If preparing to be lowered to a patient
from the helicopter and you will be getting
off the line, rig the ____ to the _____ with a
separate ____.
buoy
figure 8 on a bight
carabiner
Stepping off is when the helicopter must _____ at a _____. It is for _____ only. It is
primarily done in the _____.
hover
safe height
insertion
ocean
1-skid hovers are for both _____.
insertion and extraction
After exiting the helicopter, all rescue
personnel should ____ .
remain in plain view of the pilot
Sling loading:
people or equipment are transported from
one area to another via a fixed line
attached to and suspended beneath the
helicopter.
sling loading can be used for both ____.
insertion and extraction
stokes and skeds litters can be _____ by
the helicopter
sling loaded
if a patient needs to be tended to during
sling loading, the rescuer can use a ____
and ____ to _____ to the ____.
pick-off strap
2 carabiners
hook-up
fixed line
Rappeller should be _____ prior to take-off.
hooked up and ready to rappel
The safety officer conducts a _____ prior to
the rappeller taking his position on the skid.
safety touch check
Before placing a rope bag, beginning a
rappel or a belay; you must obtain _____.
pilot approval
If the pilot is unable to communicate with
the rappeller, the _____ shall _____ to start
the rappel.
safety officer
make the command
The safety officer is responsible for telling
the pilot when the rappeller is _____ and
_____.
on the ground
clear of the line
The rappeller signals to the pilot that he is
on the ground and clear of the line by ____.
extending his arm outward, palm down and
bringing his hand towards his chest
bending from the elbow.
After a rappel and once the line is clear, the safety officer can _____ or _____.
retrieve the line
drop the end of the rope
Sometimes it is necessary for the rope
to be retrieved by the safety officer after
a rappel. If so the rappeller must ____.
tie off the rope while securing the rope bag.
If a second rappel is planned, the rappel
line is _____. The _____ gets in position to
rappel, and the ____ moves to the rear of
the helo and becomes the new safety
officer.
left in place
safety officer
rescue observer
Public must be kept at least ____ away
from the helicopter. HFD personnel must
be at least ____ away unless specific duties
require otherwise.
100’
50’
all helicopter ground safety rules from LZ
to approaching and exiting aircraft
keep clear of rotor
keep head/equipment below top of door
do not go aft of door
approach/depart from front left quadrant unless it is upslope.
all tools should be kept below waist level.
never let patients exit by themselves.
all equipment brought on board must be
approved by the pilot.
do not step inside the skids.
do not position yourself underneath helo.
ensure LZ is free of loose materials, obstructions, and people
place back to the wind with arms
extended, palms down
ensure lighting doesn’t hinder pilot’s vision
if small LZ, kneel next to helo in plain view for insertion/extraction.
Acceptable Entry Conditions:
conditions within a confined space that
must exist to ensure that members can
safely enter and work in the space.
Who develops and publishes recommended occupational exposure limits called TLVs for hundreds of chemicals, physical agents, and biological indices?
ACGIH
ACGIH
american conference of governmental
industrial hygienists
TLVs
threshold limit values
atmospheric hazards include 5 things
toxins flammable substances O2 deficiency O2 enrichment particles of combustion
Confined Space Attendant is assigned to
_____ of the confined space. He _____
inside and outside of the space. He _____
with the _____.
remain just outside
monitors conditions
communicates
authorized entrant
The attendant is not allowed to ____ the
space and must call ____ to rescue entrants.
enter
for help
the attendant can help perform _____
rescues.
non-entry
CSRE
confined space rescue entrant
7 things CSREs must be able to do
use proper PPEs for confined space work in the confined space ID hazards in the confined space provide status updates monitor for evacuation alert attach victim to safety line perform self-rescue
CO is a ______ and is known as _____. It is
_____, _____ and has a vapor density of
_____. It acts as an _____ due to it’s
propensity to bind with hemoglobin.
by-product of incomplete combustion carbon monoxide colorless odorless less than 1 asphyxiant
_____ harnesses are used for _____. They
are designed to support up to _____ and
protect against _____ with _____ front and
back _____.
class III confined space rescue 2-person loads inversion multiple connection points
communication can be done by 4 methods
voice
radio
rope signals
hand signals
helicopter comms include 4 things
radio
icom
cellphone
hand signals
29 CFR 1910.146
Chapter 29 of OSHAs Code of Federal
Regulations. 1910.146 refers to
Permit-Required Confined Spaces
In CS rescue, communications must be
established _____.
prior to entry
CS-Competent Person is capable of _____
in a CS working area or surrounding area
that is _____ or _____ to members. He has
the authority to take _____ to eliminate
such conditions.
identifying or predicting conditions
unsanitary or unsafe
prompt, corrective action
The goal of the CSRE
rescue
All CSREs shall be certified as a CSRE
through _____ CS Rescue program and
attend _____.
HFD’s
annual refresher courses
Confined Space is defined as a space
that meets these 3 conditions
it is large enough to allow entry and perform work. it has limited/restricted means of access/egress. it is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
CSRT
confined space rescue team
CSRTs must have at least _____ members.
6
CSRTs consist of a _____
CSRTL-leader
CSRE
Attendant
Rapid Intervention Team
The person assigned the responsibility to
ensure that the requirements of the CS
procedures are met at all times is the _____.
Confined Space Rescue Group Supervisor
enclosed places do not meet _____ of a
_____ but may require precautionary
measures upon entering.
the requirements
confined space
engulfment:
the surrounding and envelopment of a
person by a liquid or finely divided solid
substance that can be aspirated.
engulfment can cause death by _____,
_____, or by ______, _____, or _____.
filling the respiratory system plugging the resp. system strangulation constriction crushing
diagonal entry is at an ____ between
_____ and _____ to the ground.
angle
perpendicular
parallel
elevated portals have an opening in which
the _____ is _____ or higher from the ground.
bottom
4’
rectangular/square portals have _____ at
_____. The _____ is determined by the ___
side.
4 sides
right angles
opening size
smallest
rounded/oval portals are _____, ______, or
have more than _____ and the opening
is determined by measuring the _____.
elliptical
circular
4 sides
smallest inside diameter
What must be completed prior to entry
into a confined space?
entry permit
Entry permits lists at least 5 things
hazards of the space precautions needed to be taken type of work that will be performed personnel roles other specific details
the _____ is responsible for determining
if _____. He also _____, ______, and _____.
entry supervisor acceptable entry conditions exist authorizes entry oversees entry ops terminates entry ops
flash point is the _____.
minimum temp. at which a substance will
produce enough vapor in the air to form
an ignitable mixture
if something is flammable, it is _____ and
_____.
easily ignitable
rapidly consumed by fire
risk assessment includes _____ (acronym)
IADIE
IADIE
id analyze decide implement evaluate
8 hazardous atmospheres for CS
1) substance in excess of 10% of it’s LEL
2) airborne combustible dust exceeding it’s LEL.
3) O2 concentration below 19.5%
4) O2 concentration above 23.5%
5) concentration of substance that exposes
personnel to doses in excess of PELs
(permissible exposure limits)
6)flammable vapors
7)toxic vapors
8)particles of combustion
PEL
permissible exposure limit
when airborne combustible dust is dense
enough to obscures vision to _____ than
that is a good indicator of a _____ because
it is probably exceeding it’s _____.
5’ or less
hazardous atmosphere
LEL
hazardous atmospheres can do 5 things
incapacitate injure cause acute illness impair your ability (to self-rescue, etc) kill
hydrogen sulfide is created by the _____ of
_____. It has a vapor density _____.
decomposition
organic material
> 1
IDLHs show the _____ which one could be
exposed without experiencing effects
that may cause _____ health effects.
maximum level
irreversible
Inerting:
introducing an inert gas (doesn’t support
combustion) into a container so as to
exclude oxygen
lockout
used to keep equipment from being turned
on, opened, or unlocked and potentially
endangering personnel
LEL
lower explosive limit
The LEL is the _____ of a substance in the
air that will _____ when an ______ such as
heat, arc, or flame are present
lowest amount of concentration
produce a flash/self-propagating flame
ignition source
CH4
methane
methane is _____, ______ and is aka _____.
colorless
odorless
natural gas
methane has a vapor density _____ 1.
therefore it _____.
less than
rises
NFPA
National Fire Protection Agency
NFPA is an _____ advocating _____ .
international non-profit organization
scientifically-based consensus codes and
standards, research, and education for
fire and life safety related issues.
NPV
negative pressure ventilation
NPV uses fans to ______ air from a
structure by creating ______ pressure
within ______.
draw out
negative
the space
NIOSH
national institute of safety and health
NIOSH is the federal agency responsible
for _____
conducting research and making
recommendations for the prevention
of work-related injury and illness.
Non-entry retrieval
the retrieval of a patient from within a
confined space from outside of the space
using equipment already in place.
Non-Permit Confined Space is a confined
space that _____, or does not have the
potential to contain ______.
does not have a recognized acute hazard
any hazard capable of causing death or
serious harm.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA is with the Dept. of _____.
labor
OSHA is responsible for _____.
creating and enfo rcing workplace safety
and health regulations.
29 CFR 1910.146
It regulates _____ for confined spaces and
_____ in which _____ can occur within.
OSHA's Code of Federal Regulations for Permit-Required Confined Spaces permit requirements the manner activities
Oxygen deficient atmosphere is when ____.
O2 is < 19.5%
Oxygen enriched atmosphere is when ____.
O2 is > 23.5%
PPM
parts per million
patient packaging is the process of _____
the _____ and ______ needs of the patient.
It includes the process of ______ and is
to _____.
stabilizing medical traumatic securing the patient to an extrication device. minimize further harm to the patient
The PEL is the _____.
the amount of exposure to a toxic
substance that a member is allowed to
receive over a given time period.
PEL can be measured using a _____ or
a _____.
TWA-time weighted average
TLV-threshold limit value
Permit-Required Confined Spaces have
____ of the following 5 characteristics.
1 or more has or potentially has a hazardous atmosphere. has material that can potentially engulf someone. has an internal configuration such that a person could be trapped or asphyxiated (inward converging walls, downward sloping floors that tapers to a smaller cross section) ready removal of someone is difficult due to location and/or size of access. has any other recognized safety or health hazard.
If an employer can prove that they have
_____ that is _____ to _____ than they do
not need a ____.
existing ventilation sufficient remove potentially dangerous air contaminants permit or permit procedures
PASS
personal alert safety system
PASS devices _____ when the wearer
_____. It can be also be activated ______.
PASS devices meet NFPA _____ and _____
standards.
activate an alarm remains motionless for more than 20-30s manually 1500 1982 Std on PASS
SAR
supplied air respirator
SAR is a ____ that uses _____ and is
supplied by a _____.
positive pressure form of resp. protection
an air hose connected to the wearer
remote self-contained air supply
PPV is the _____ by using a ____ to _____.
systematic removal of gases/contaminants
fan
push all gases/contaminants out of a space
recovery mode
level of operational urgency where there
is no chance of rescuing a victim alive.
recovery mode has _____ than rescue mode.
lower acceptable risk
rescue mode
level of operational urgency when there is
a chance the patient will be rescued alive.
retrieval equipment
combination of equipment used for
non-entry rescue of people from CSs
risk benefit analysis
decision made that is based on a risk
assessment that weighs the risks likely
to be taken against the benefits to be
gained when taking those risks.
the safety officer is responsible for _____
all incident _____ and enforces _____. he
has the power to _____.
addressing safety issues all safety procedures and practices stop all operations if he deems something unsafe.
a CS scene is any area within ____ of the incident.
300’
SCBAs are _____ to the wearer. they use
_____ so that pressure in the ______ is >
than the surrounding air.
attached
PP
facepiece
10 things for CS size up should include the following
1)scope, magnitude, and nature of incident
2)location and # of patients
3)ID hazards
4)risk assessment/risk-benefit analysis
5)ID access/egress points and point of
entry
6)ID internal configuration
7)evaluate environmental conditions
8)determine when patient contact can be
made without endangering personnel.
9)determine need for additional resources
10)continuous monitoring and evaluation
tagout
method of labeling/marking an
isolation/shutoff device during incident
mitigation ops to prevent any operation
of the device.
TWA is measure of a person’s ______ to
a contaminant over a given _____. Sampling
is done _____ the time period.
continual exposure
period of time
throughout
TLVs are _____ not _____.
advisory guidelines
legal standards
TLVs are the _____that personnel may be exposed to _____ without _____.
substance concentration values
day after day
any adverse effects
TLVs are determined by the _____
ACGIH
3 different types of TLVs
TLV-TWA
TLV-STEL
TLV-C
TLV-C
ceiling
TLV-STEL
short term exposure limit
UEL
upper explosive limit
the UEL is the _____ of a substance in air
that will produce a _____ when an _____
such as an_____ is present.
highest concentration
flash or self-propagating flame
ignition source
arc, flame, or heat
“rich”
concentration of substance too high to burn
“lean”
concentration of substance too low to burn
vapor density
measure of a gases’ vapor weight in
relationship to normal air. if >1 sinks
and if <1 rises.
wristlets are designed to allow a person
to be _____ or _____ through a ______.
raised
lowered
vertical opening
17 CS Pre-Entry Procedures
1)perform scene size up
2)designate a safety officer
3)establish barriers up to 300’
4)ID hazards
5)risk assess./risk-benefit analysis
6)ID entry point/PLS/other access/egress
points
7)ID internal configuration
8)disconnect/close/block/shutoff all
possible conveyances of hazmat to CS
using lockout/tagout procedures.
9)empty/purge CS of hazmat
10)perform air testing,
if air contam. ventilate for at least 15min
11)CSREs w/PPEs, ClassIII harnesses
12)use SAR or SCBA
13)establish/maintain comms between
CSRE/Attendant
14)attach retrieval line to CSRE
15)provide adequate ventilation
16)use tripod/high anchor point if
vert. entry
17)document all pertinent info.
SAR is used if estimated work time in
a CS is_____. It is also used if _____ and
must be supplied with _____.
> 15 minutes
the CSRE has to remove an SCBA on entry
a hip egress bottle
if sufficient natural ventilation exists to
ensure the removal of atmospheric hazards
as id’d through air monitoring then the
CS may be treated as an _____.
enclosed space
CS Pre-Entry Testing is done with _____ to
determine whether dangerous _____ or
_____ exists. It must be done without
_____. _____ must be kept at the _____ and kept for _____.
a direct reading instrument air contamination O2 deficiency disturbing the space written records entry site duration of the incident
CS air testing should be at 5 locations
4' from entry at entry 1/4 of distance into CS 1/2 of distance into CS 3/4 of distance into CS
CS air testing order
1st =
2nd =
3rd =
O2 saturation
flammability
toxicity
If any flammable or combustible gases
are within _____ of their _____ than _____
shall be made into the CS.
10%
LEL
no entry
do not work in a CS using a _____ unless
it can be shown by ______ and _____ that
the work can be done safely.
arc, flame, spark or other ignition source
constant monitoring
ventilation
if an inerting gas is used in a CS, the O2
concentration must be maintained at _____.
< 20% of concentration that supports combustion
there are _____ special precautions for CS
5
if O2 consuming equipment is used, then
_____ must be _____ and replaced with
fresh ____.
exhaust gases
vented
air
lighting and electrical equipment used in
CSs must be ______.
NIOSH intrinsically safe
if live electrical work is being performed,
then the _____ must be _____.
tripod
grounded
3 operating guidelines for Non-Permit CS entry
appropriate PPEs for expected hazards.
continuous air monitoring/recording.
if adverse air, CSRTL immediately
evacuates all CSREs.
3 operating guidelines for Permit-Required
CS entry
adhere to all pre-entry procedures wear class III and use safety line(may not be used if further endangerment) continuous air monitoring recorded every 15 minutes
7 CS rescue guidelines
establish ICS perform scene size-up risk assessment/risk benefit analysis perform pre-entry procedures use SCBA or SAR (min. length = 25') rescue line shall be attached to rescuer and placed on patient no permit necessary for rescue
minimum length of a SAR line
25’
CS initial response units
2 hazmat 2 rescue 1st-in aerial 1st-in engine appropriate BC
rescue companies will be assigned as a
_____ or _____ on CS incidents
CSRT
RIT
hazmat companies will be assigned the
duties of _____ and _____ on CS incidents.
ventilation
safety monitoring
aerial companies on CS incidents will
provide 3 things
manpower
equipment
ladders
engine companies on CS incidents will
provide 2 things
fire control
crowd control
all HFD personnel are trained to an _____
level for CS
awareness
all rescue personnel are trained to the
_____ level for CS
technician
hazmat personnel are trained in _____ to
the _____ level for CS
air monitoring
technician
all HFD personnel must attend an \_\_\_\_\_ level class on CS every \_\_\_\_\_.
awareness
2 years
rescue companies must review ______
every _____ and conduct at least _____
CS drill every _____.
CS entry procedures
6 months
1
6 months
all rescue personnel and _____ shall attend
an _____ on CS
rescue relief personnel
annual refresher
hazmat companies must review _____
every _____.
air monitoring
6 months
5 CS Rescue Precautions
1) if using live elec. equip. the tripod must
be grounded.
2) only NIOSH approved lighting and
equipment may be used in CS
3) if O2 consuming equip. is used, exhaust
gases must be vented and replaced with
fresh air.
4) if an inerting gas is used, O2 must be
kept below 20% of amount needed to
support combustion.
5) flames, arc, sparks or other ignition
sources are prohibited in CS unless it
can be shown through constant monitoring
and ventilation that the work can be done
safely
5 air testing requirements
1)done with a direct reading instrument
2)done at 5 certain locations
3)done without disturbing the space
4)done in order of priority
5)written records are kept at entry point
and command post for duration of
incident
2 ICOM channels
primary is 123.10
secondary is 122.90
