RBT(Introduction/Rope/Equipment) Flashcards
Captain Michael Mahner
created HFD’s first rescue squad in 1930
NFPA 1006
Std. for Rescue Technician PQs
NFPA 1670
Std. on Operations and Training for
Technical Rescue Incidents
7 disciplines of Technical Rescue
Confined Space Rope Rescue Structural Collapse Trench/Excavation Rescue Vehicle/Machinery Extrication Water/Swiftwater Rescue Wilderness Search and Rescue
“core discipline” of technical rescue
rope rescue
Safety systems are _____ .
mandatory
If you are unsure, _____ .
ask about anything
Check all riggings by _____ and _____ .
sight
touch
Safety Touch Check
Inspection of all components of a system
via sight and touch.
_____ your equipment at all times. (4 things)
know
control
inspect
maintain
NFPA 1983
Std. on Life-Safety Rope and Equipment
Life-Safety Rope has _____ . It has block creel and _____ construction. It is designed
_____ .
synthetic, continuous fiber.
kernmantle.
specifically for supporting human loads
Life-Safety Rope can be either _____ or _____ rope.
static
dynamic
Static Rope
low-stretch (less than 2-4%)
better control
Dynamic Rope
high-stretch
good when long falls are possible.
used when working above anchor points.
Kernmantle Construction has which 2 components?
Kern=Core
Mantle=Sheath
Kern strength =
85% of rope strength
Mantle strength =
15% of rope strength
HFD uses Life-Safety Rope that meets or exceeds NFPA 1983 ______ standards.
This includes a _____ minimum rope(tensile) strength and a _____
safe working load.
general-use
9000#
600# (2-person)
Safety Factor used by HFD and
represented in NFPA 1983 is _____ .
15:1
HFD uses which 2 life-safety ropes?
New England KM III Static Kernmantle
CMC Rescue Lifeline
synthetic fiber used in HFD’s life-safety ropes
nylon
4 nylon qualities
high strength
resistant to rotting
weighs only 7#/100’
loses 10-15% strength when wet
Every rope must have its’ own _____ .
rope log
the rope log is used until _____.
the rope is downgraded to “utility” status
or condemned
rope log entries are made after _____.
each use
Each rope also is _____ until it is _____ .
assigned a serial #
downgraded to utility status or condemned
Rope must be stored in a _____ away from these 5 things.
rope bag acids/alkali/chemicals/petroleum direct sunlight dirt/grit/grime exhaust high temperatures
Inspect rope both _____ and _____.
visually
by touch
when inspecting rope, use _____ and run through _____.
bare hands
every “ of the rope
If sheath is damaged also check for _____ and _____.
penetration
imbedded objects
6 things to feel rope for _____ .
abrasions deformities imbedded objects mushiness nicks/cuts/sears soft spots
Popping
snapping a section of rope tight between
both hands several times to try and
remove a soft spot in the rope.
if soft spot remains after popping u can do one of these 3 things
remove rope section with soft spot
downgrade to utility
condemn
6 rope washing requirements
use dept. extractors daisy chain front-loading only/no plastic windows wash with mild detergents only(non-chlorine) dry thoroughly air dry out of direct sunlight
When bagging rope start by securing end of the rope to bottom of the bag via a _____. Also, _____.
figure 8 stopper
visually and by touch inspect the rope
10 guidelines for downgrading rope
reached a certain age reached a certain # of uses does not pass visual inspection chemical contamination exposed to high heat severely impact loaded(5' or more) severely overloaded like towing a car sheath penetration soft spots not removed by popping loss of confidence; when in doubt...throw it out!
1” webbing is rated at _____ .
4000#
6000# when looped
12000# when double looped
2” webbing is rated at _____ .
9500#
Per NFPA 1983 “general purpose”
standards, adjustable steel buckles and
the D-ring on the life-safety harnesses
must be rated to at least _____ .
5000#
Class II harnesses must have a _____ and
_____ load-bearing _____ .
front
back
D-ring
Class III harnesses must have front and back load-bearing D-rings on both the _____ and the _____ portions of the harness.
seat
chest
HFD uses which 2 Class III harnesses?
CMC Rescue Confined Space Harness
Yates Rescue Confined Space Harness
HFD uses which Class II harness?
CMC Rescue Harness
Class I harness
designed for emergency escape
1-person load
Class II harness
designed for rescue
2-person load
Class III harness
designed for rescue
2-person load
inversion may occur
OSHA mandates which class harness for confined space?
Class III
Utility loops on harnesses are used only to
_____ and are not _____ .
stow equipment
load-bearing
According to the RBT manual, Class III
harnesses have _____ additional
load-bearing connection points. One in
the back and 1 on _____ .
3
each shoulder
After adjusting webbing straps, use _____ to tie off.
half-hitch or overhand safety knots
knot
fastening made by tying/intertwining
together pieces of rope.
a sharp bend in a rope causes a loss of
_____ , not _____ .
efficiency
a loss of strength
4:1 rule
if a rope is wrapped around an object at
least 4x the diameter of the rope than
there will be no loss of efficiency.
Using a _____ safety factor helps offset the
_____ .
15:1
efficiency loss
bight
rope bent back on itself (180 degrees)
loop
complete 360 degree loop
crosses itself and continues is same direction.
round turn
complete wrap around an object that has the rope returning back to itself.
Working End
used to tie the knot or for rigging.
Running End
opposite of the working end
aka the free end
Standing Part
in between the working and the running ends.
4 steps to tying a knot
tie knot
dress knot
set knot
safety knot
Overhand Knot
15% efficiency loss
used as a safety knot
Square Knot
used to bind together ropes of = diameter
do not use as a load-bearing not
Figure 8 stopper Knot
used to keep the rope end from passing
through an opening. (e.g. rope bag).
do not use as a load-bearing knot.
Figure on a Bight
20% efficiency loss
used to connect rope to anchors with a carabiner.
used to connect various devices to the rope.
Figure 8 follow-through
20% efficiency loss
used to tie a loop around an object/anchor.
Double Loop Figure 8
18% efficiency loss
figure 8 on a bight with 2 loops instead of 1
used to connect to objects that do not meet the 4:1 rule.
used to make load-sharing or multiple anchor systems.
Flemish Bend
19% efficiency loss
used to connect 2 ropes of equal diameter.
Bowline
27-33% efficiency loss used to make a closed loop should not be used for life safety. can be equalizing. used for hoisting equipment. used for connecting rope to an object.
Butterfly
25% efficiency loss
used mid-line to take a 3-way pull.
can be used as an anchor/connection of an object to the rope.
Water Knot
36% efficiency loss
used to connect 2 pieces of webbing.
used to make loops in webbing.
Double Fisherman’s
21% efficiency loss
used to tie load-bearing rope together.
used to make prusik loops.
Prusik Hitch
is how prusik loops are connected to the
rope. can be double or triple wrapped.
to create rope grabs.
Single Line Prusik Hitch
to attach objects to rope.
for self-rescue.
Clove Hitch
to create anchors around round objects.
tied so that the running end is directional.
Munter Hitch
used as a safety belay.
rope can run either way through a carabiner.
Tensionless
at least 4 wraps around a round object.
creates an anchor with 0% efficiency loss
if the object meets the 4:1 rule.
Rope System minimum breaking strength
is _____ .
9000#
General Use
minimum rope tensile strength = 9000#
2 person load (600#)
Light Use
minimum rope tensile strength = 4500#
1 person load (300#)
Auxiliary Equipment
other equipment other than rope and
harnesses.
4 Minimum Breaking Strengths of
auxiliary equipment.
Ascending/Rope Grab devices = 2400#
Carabiners = 9000#
Descenders = 1200#
All other auxiliary equipment = 8000#
Nylon Webbing(1”)
rated at 4000#
rated at 6000# when looped.
rated at 12000# if double looped.
can be flat or tubular.
Nylon Webbing can be used for _____ .
anchors/rigging
harnesses
patient lashing
personal tie-on/safety line
7mm Accessory Cord is rated at_____, _____ when looped, ______ when looped and doubled.
minimum tensile strength = 2200#
rated at 3500# if looped
rated at 7000# if double looped
Anchor Strap
nylon webbing with steel D-rings sewn in both ends. 2" flat weave webbing rated at 9500#. D-rings rated at 5000# therefore strap is rated at 5000#. rated at 10000# if doubled. good over square edges.
Pick-Off Strap
An anchor strap with an adjustable buckle.
Buckle is also rated at 5000#.
used for patient pick-off if they have a harness.
used to attach rescuers as tenders for stokes.
Utility belts are adjustable and can extend
to _____ .
60-72”
Pick-off Straps are adjustable up to _____ .
42”
Carabiners are used _____ .
to join components of a rope system
3 components of a Carabiner
spine
latch
gate (hinge, pin, and lock)
3 components of the gate
hinge
lock
pin
CMC Rescue Steel Locking Carabiners are
rated at _____ .
16000#
HFD uses which 4 Carabiners
CMC Large Steel Locking Carabiner(16K)
SMC X-Large Steel Locking Carabiner(12K)
SMC Large Steel Locking Carabiner(11K)
SMC Lite D Steel Locking Carabiner.(10K)
X-large carabiners are used for _____ .
safety belays using a munter hitch
5 precautions when using carabiners
do not side load lock before loading do not unlock while under load do not drop do not form hard links
hard link
when 3 or more hard connections are
made consecutively
Figure 8 Descender
CMC Rescue 8 (steel) rated at 45000# "8 plate" used for descending used as a belay/lowering device. can hold a load when locked off. use a double wrap for 2 person loads.
2 limitations to the 8 plate
causes rope to twist
friction cannot be adjusted once loaded
Rappel Rack
has 6 bars
descending device
used for belay/lowering
Rappel Rack components
welded eye long leg short leg 4 angled short bars 1 straight short bar 1 grooved top bar tie off bar
HFD uses the _____ rappel rack.
SMC (model # 14001 has the tie-off bar)
2 limitations to the rappel rack
longer to load
bulkier/heavier
Pulley
has a free running grooved metal wheel in
which a rope may be placed.
3 things Pulleys can be used for
reduce rope friction
change of directions
create mechanical advantage
5 components of a pulley
becket sheave(aluminum) sideplates(steel) axle(pin) bearing
Pulleys can be attached _____ on a rope
anywhere
Pulley bearings can be either _____, _____,
or_____.
sealed
oilite
ball-bearing
HFD uses which pulleys?
SMC 2” single rescue
SMC 4” single rescue
SMC 4” double rescue
One limitation of the pulley
it adds as much as 10% friction to a system
Which 2 ascenders does HFD use? Both are used for what size rope?
Gibbs
Rescuecender
1/2”
Gibbs 1/2” Stainless Steel ascender is
rated at _____ .
5400#
Rescuecender is rated at _____ .
6000#
2 advantages of the Rescuecender over
the Gibbs
rated stronger
less abrasive to rope
According to NFPA 1983, ascenders must
be _____ .
spring loaded
rated for general use
5 components of ascenders
shell cam spring pin leash
point ascenders _____ the load if hauling
toward
point ascenders _____ if climbing
upward
point ascenders to the _____ .
direction of free travel
Ascenders must be _____
if used in anchor/rigging/MAs.
backed up
5 precautions for ascenders
back up if used with rigging/MAs/anchors load properly can be abrasive to rope test to capture the load before loading do not drop
Tri-Link
made of galvanized steel
gate must be closed to maintain strength
used when 3-way loads may be encountered
Anchor Plate
aluminum is rated at 8900# steel is rated at 9150# used to create multiple anchor connections used to separate carabiners if using multiple rope systems.
2 precautions for accessory cord
should never be shock loaded
for one person loads
5 uses for 7mm accessory cord
self-rescue ascending rope grabs for capturing loads personal tie-on/safety line attaching equipment to rope
7mm accessory cord is made out
of _____ and has _____ construction. It should never be _____ and is only for _____.
nylon
kernmantle
shock loaded
1 person loads
