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Keith's Cards > IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 4 > Flashcards

IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Assemblies(construction)

A

two or more interconnected structural members designed to meet a specific function
Examples: trusses/frames

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1
Q

NIOSH

A

national institute for occupational safety and health

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2
Q

Balloon frame

A

type of wood-frame construction that has continuous vertical studs in exterior walls that run from foundation to roof

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3
Q

Bar joist

A

joists made of steel usually found in office buildings.

high strength to weight ratio

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4
Q

Bowstring truss

A

roof assembly with an arched chord on top and a horizontal chord on the bottom of the truss assembly.

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5
Q

Butterfly Roof

A

v-shaped roof with the valley in the middle. not in cold weather locations.

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6
Q

Cantilever Beam

A

only one end is supported.

more susceptible to collapse

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7
Q

Chord

A

main structural members of a truss system that run the length of the truss. on the top and bottom separated by the diagonals.

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8
Q

Cockloft

A

open space between ceiling and roof. usually found in commercial occupancies with flat roofs.

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9
Q

Column

A

vertical supporting column

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10
Q

Course

A

horizontal layer of masonry units

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11
Q

Curtain Board

A

non-load bearing wall that runs down from the roof or ceiling to limit horizontal fire spread.

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12
Q

Curtain Walls

A

non-load bearing wall used as a weather barrier

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13
Q

Decking

A

planks or sheets of plywood or oriented strand board that form the base of a roof assembly.

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14
Q

Fire Door

A

fire rated door assembly that is designed to confine fire and is triggered to close upon fire alarm activation.

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15
Q

Fire Load

A

total potential heat release if all contents burn

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16
Q

Fire Wall

A

fire-rated wall that runs from the foundation to the roof to limit fire spread.

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17
Q

Gable Roof

A

pitched roof with sides sloping down to the eaves.

most common

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18
Q

Gable Wall

A

wall that rises to meet the ends of gable roofs

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19
Q

Gambrel Roof

A

single ridge roof with two different pitches on each side.

commonly found on barns

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20
Q

Girder

A

horizontal structure member used to support beams or joists.

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21
Q

Gusset Plate

A

wooden or metal plate used to join structural members.
most often used in trusses.
susceptible to early failure if just pressed in and not nailed or screwed

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22
Q

header course

A

course of bricks laid with the ends facing outward.

only used in unreinforced masonry.

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23
Q

Hip Roof

A

pitched roof where the ends are beveled

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24
Q

Interstitial Space

A

accessible or inaccessible space between layers of building materials.

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25
Q

Joists

A

horizontal structure members that support a ceiling or floor

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26
Q

Mansard Roof

A

roof that has steep slopes that surround a flat section in the center

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27
Q

open web joist

A

joist constructed with a web of bars or tubes that do not fill the entire web space

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28
Q

OSB

A

oriented strand board

wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure

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29
Q

parallel chord truss

A

truss with top and bottom chords parallel to each other.

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30
Q

Parapet Wall

A

wall at the edge of some roofs that extend above the roof.

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31
Q

Party Wall

A

load-bearing fire wall that is shared by two adjoining buildings.

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32
Q

Pitch

A

the slope of the roof

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33
Q

Plate

A

the top or bottom horizontal member of a frame wall.

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34
Q

Platform Construction

A

frame type construction in which each floor interrupts the exterior studs forming an effective fire stop at each floor. most common type of construction for residences.

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35
Q

Rafters

A

beams that support roof decking and run from ridge to the exterior wall plate.

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36
Q

Rated Assembly

A

an assembly of two or more construction components that has a specific fire-resistance rating.

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37
Q

Sawtooth Roof

A

a roof with a profile of vertical and sloping surfaces that resemble a saw blade.

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38
Q

Sheathing

A

plywood, OSB, or wooden planking applied to a roof or wall over which a weather-resistant covering is applied.

39
Q

Shed Roof

A

a pitched roof that slopes in only one direction from the ridge.

40
Q

Spalling

A

degradation

41
Q

Stud

A

vertical structural member in a frame wall.

42
Q

Tension

A

force that pulls the mass of a material apart

43
Q

Truss

A

structural unit made up of one or more triangles in a flat plane.

44
Q

Partition Wall

A

interior non-load bearing wall used to divide areas

45
Q

The reaction of wood to fire conditions depends on two factors.

A

size and moisture content

46
Q

Cantilever Walls

A

walls that extend beyond the structure that supports them.

47
Q

Masonry

A 
bricks
blocks
stones
cement
mortar
concrete
etc
48
Q

Veneer Walls

A

walls with an attractive surface covering layer that is over a base of common material.

49
Q

Cast Iron primary concern

A

bolts/connections can fail

50
Q

Steel elongates when heated. At 1000 degrees F a 50’ beam elongates _____. at this Temp. steel can fail!

A

4”

51
Q

concrete warning signs

A

cracking or spalling

52
Q

Gypsum

A

inorganic product from which plaster and drywall are constructed. it has a high water content and absorbs a lot of heat.

53
Q

ICC

A

International Code Council

54
Q

NFPA 5000

A

Building Construction and Safety Code

55
Q

NFPA 220

A

Std. on Types of Building Construction

56
Q

Type I

A

fire-resistive

57
Q

Type II

A

non-combustible

58
Q

Type III

A

ordinary

59
Q

Type IV

A

heavy timber

60
Q

Type V

A

wood frame

61
Q

Type I - construction that _____

A

maintains its structural integrity during a fire.

62
Q

Type II - construction made _____

A

of the same materials as type I except that the structural components lack the insulation or other protection of type I construction.

63
Q

Type I strengths

A

resists flame impingement.
confines fire.
little collapse potential from fire alone.
impervious to water damage.

64
Q

Type I weaknesses

A

difficult to breach
difficult to ventilate
if collapse, massive debris
retains heat

65
Q

Type II strengths

A

almost as fire resistive as type I
confines fire
almost as structurally stable as type I
easier to vertically ventilate than type I

66
Q

Type II weaknesses

A 
difficult to breach
unprotected steel may fail
roof systems less stable than type I
steel components susceptible to rust/corrosion
if collapse, massive debris
67
Q

Type III - construction that ____

A

requires exterior walls and structural members be made of non-combustible or limited combustible materials.

68
Q

Type III primary fire concern is ____

A

fire and smoke spread thru concealed spaces.

69
Q

Type III strengths

A

resists fire spread from the outside

relatively easy to vertically ventilate

70
Q

Type III weaknesses

A

interior structural members vulnerable to fire
fire spread thru concealed spaces
Susceptible to water damage

71
Q

Type IV construction has interior structural members made of ____

A

solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces with dimensions large enough to be considered heavy timber.

72
Q

Heavy Timber construction requires exterior/interior structural members be ______ non-combustible or limited combustible

A

non-combustible or limited combustible

73
Q

Type IV primary fire hazard is ____

A

massive amounts of combustible structural timbers in addition to the contents.

74
Q

Type IV strengths

A 
resists collapse
structurally stable
relatively easy to ventilate
relatively easy to breach
manageable debris if collapse
75
Q

Type IV weaknesses

A

susceptible to fire spread from the outside.
potential for fire spread to exposures.
susceptible to rapid interior fire spread
susceptible to water damage

76
Q

Type V construction that has ____

A

exterior walls, load-bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimensions than heavy timber.

77
Q

Type V strengths

A

easily breached
collapse debris relatively easy to manage
resistant to collapse from earthquake due to lightweight and flexibility

78
Q

Type V weaknesses

A

susceptible to fire spread for outside
susceptible to rapid fire spread inside
susceptible to total collapse
susceptible to water damage

79
Q

Stucco

A

a durable finish for exterior walls usually made of cement, sand, and lime. it is applied wet.
a fine plaster for interior ornamentation, molding.

80
Q

Dead loads

A

hvac, water tanks, or other heavy objects on the roof.

81
Q

2 dangerous types of conditions posed by a particular building

A

conditions that contribute to fire spread

conditions that contribute to collapse

82
Q

Fire load

A

total amount of combustible material

83
Q

Be wary of combustible ______ and _______ that contribute to fire spread.

A

furnishings

finishes

84
Q

Roof covering materials

A 
wooden shingles
composition shingles
wooden shakes
rubber imitation tile
steel imitation tile or shakes
clay tile
slate
tin
tar and gravel
85
Q

_______ , even when treated with fire retardant can significantly contribute to fire spread. (roof material)

A

wood shakes

86
Q

Name one main concern with large open spaces under fire conditions.

A

heat at roof level maybe extreme while floor level hat may be minimal.

87
Q

Collapse Zone

A

distance extending horizontal from the base of the exterior wall.
= 1.5 x height of the wall
CZ = 1.5H

88
Q

11 indicators of building collapse

A

cracks/separations in walls, floors, ceilings, roofs.
tie rods/stars present.
loose bricks, blocks, stones.
deteriorated mortar.
leaning walls
distorted structural members
fires beneath floors with heavy equipment.
prolonged fire exposure
creaking/cracking noises
structural members pulling away from walls.
excessive weight of contents

89
Q

2 FF ops that may contribute to collapse are ______

A

improper vertical ventilation that cuts structural supports.

lots of water used during extinguishment can add large amounts of weight to the building.

90
Q

Gang Nail

A

type of gusset plate made of metal that have points or prongs that penetrate about 3/8” into wood.

91
Q

Unprotected lightweight trusses can fail after ____ minutes

A

5-10

92
Q

Truss top chord is under _____ forces.

A

compression

93
Q

Truss bottom chords are under ______ forces.

A

tension

94
Q

If one member of a truss fails, the ______

A

entire truss is likely to fail

95
Q

Rain Roof

A

a second roof put over an older deteriorated roof.

Keith's Cards (37 decks)

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