IFSTA(5th)-Chapter 8 Flashcards
extrication is
removal/treatment of patients trapped by
some type of machinery/equipment.
according to IFSTA, rescue covers all
incidents that require patient removal
other than _____ .
extrication
rescue vs recovery
live person vs. dead or presumed dead
person
according NFPA 1001, FFI are required to
know how to conduct _____ and setting up
_____ such as at highway incidents.
search and rescue ops in a structure.
safe working areas.
9 Size up factors to look for at
structure fires are _____ .
time of day wind, rain what is burning? how much is burning? life safety for victims and FF exposures building construction hazmat resources available
life line
tag line used by FF during search and rescue
Do not enter a building fire if the conditions
that would appear to _____ viable victims.
preclude
Do not enter building fire if _____ are
apparent until _____ is accomplished.
backdraft conditions
vertical ventilation
15 structure fire search safety guidelines
monitor fire/building conditions use accountability system know secondary egress use life line teams of 2 or more search systematically stay low, crawl check doors for excessive heat before opening mark entry doors maintain contact with wall/hoseline/etc. have a charged hoseline if on the fire floor maintain radio contact coordinate with ventilation teams close doors of searched rooms report progress
FF should _____ that all occupants are out
of the building until the building is searched.
not assume
if possible, conduct _____ simultaneously
with initial fire attack.
primary interior search
2 objectives to a building search
life safety
location/extent of fire
primary search is a _____.
rapid/thorough search that is performed
before/or during fire suppression and must
be performed asap.
secondary search is _____.
conducted after fire is “under control”.
it is slower and more thorough should be
conducted by different personnel from the
primary search.
4 primary search priorities
1) most severely threatened
2) largest amounts of people
3) remainder of hazard zone
4 exposures
In an IDLH, you must remain in _____ contact.
visual, voice, and physical
if you cannot see your feet due to smoke,
you _____ .
should not be standing upright
If descending stairs during a search,
descend _____ .
feet first
If searching on the fire floor, where should
u start your search?
as close to the fire as possible.
if searching, remember to check _____, under _____, and _____ doors.
ALL areas
windows
behind
search the _____ of the room first and then
the _____ of the room.
perimeter
middle
Search Line System consists of _____ with
_____ tied in to the rope every _____ .
a 200’ 3/8”rope with a Kevlar sheath.
2” steel rings
20’
In the search line system, knots are tied
_____. the # of knots _____ the # of
rings that you have traveled.
after every ring.
matches
knots are always tied _____ so that you
will know the _____ .
after each ring
direction of travel
the rings in the search line system can be
used for _____ to the system.
lateral tethers
lateral tethers are _____ in length, have
_____ at the midpoint, a _____ tied to an
end, and have a _____ at the other end.
20’
knot
steel ring
carabiner
Who carries a search line system?
every member of the search team
If using a 3 man team for searching, the
1st man is the “_____”, the 2nd man is the
“_____”, and the 3rd maintains ______.
lead
navigator
communications
the “navigator” carries the _____.
handlight and/or TIC
In a Search Line System, the rope is _____
outside the search area with a ______ on it.
The rope bag is carried by the _____ ;
therefore, follow the rings to the _____.
anchored
company identifier
lead
exit
each search member has a _____ and a
_____ wrapped around their wrist.
forcible entry tool
lateral tether
During secondary searches, if a CO reading
is at least _____ than FF must continue to
wear _____.
50ppm
SCBA
the 3 highest priority search floors in a
multi-story building are _____ .
the fire floor
floor above the fire
the highest floor
do not block _____ and _____ during search.
access/egress points
passageways
/ means the room is _____ .
being searched
X means the room has been _____.
searched
marking rooms for searching should be
done on _____.
the lower third of the door.
Continually feel the _____ in front of you
with your hands/tools to make sure it is
_____ and their are no _____.
floor
intact
openings
when opening doors stay _____ and _____
while opening the doors _____. Remain on
the _____ side of outward opening doors.
low
outside
slowly
hinge
when declaring a Mayday, communicate your \_\_\_\_\_ (6 things).
Assignment Name Approximate location Reason for Mayday Resources that would help you Air supply
Male couplings have _____ on their shanks.
lugs
Female couplings have lugs on their _____.
swivels
if possible, when opening inward opening
doors, use a _____ so that u can close the
door quickly.
strap
any fire beyond the incipient phase is an
_____ atmosphere and a _____ must be
standing by per _____.
IDLH
RIC or RIT
29 CFR 1910.134
RIC or RIT is _____ and this is their _____.
2 or more fully equipped FF standing by
just outside the hazard zone as the
designated team to rescue downed FF.
only purpose
Suitably equipped means _____.
FFs equipped with at least the same PPEs
and equipment as the interior FF crews.
Can their be multiple RIT teams?
yes, because there may be multiple FF
teams performing interior FF ops.
Buddy breathing _____ recommended
is not
when you first get to a downed FF, you
should _____. Then perform a rapid _____.
check his air supply
medical evaluation
Radio transceivers can be used to find FF.
They transmit on _____ frequency and
have a range of about _____.
457khz
100’
Under realistic scenarios it often takes
_____ FF and _____ minutes to rescue a
downed FF.
12
20
3 drags for patient removal
incline
blanket
webbing
5 carries for patient removal
cradle in arms seat lift carry extremities lift carry chair carry 3 person lift carry(bed to gurney)
Inverter
a step-up transformer that converts a 12
or 24 V DC current into 110 or 220 V AC
current.
2 advantages of an inverter
2 disadvantages of an inverter
fuel efficiency and low noise
limited power and limited mobility
Generators can be ______ or ______.
portable
vehicle mounted
Portable Generators are the most common
and normally have _____ capacity
110 or 220V
Vehicle mounted generators have _____
but also are normally ______ and create
______.
more power
louder
exhaust
2 categories of lighting
portable
fixed
portable lighting range from _____ watts.
300-1000
fixed lights are _____ to the vehicle and
have a capacity ranging from _____ watts.
mounted
500-1500 per light
4 requirements for electric cables
waterproof
intrinsically safe
adequately insulated
no exposed wires
Junction boxes have _____ with _____
input source.
multiple outlets
1
NFPA 70E
Std. for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
All outlets should be equipped with _____
and meet NFPA _____.
ground fault circuit interrupters
70E
Electrical adapters are used to _____.
connect various devices to various
outlets/devices
If fuel in a tank is _____ than it should be
drained and replaced.
more than 3 weeks old (unless there is a
fuel stabilizer)
Arc
luminous discharge of electricity across
a gap
4 basic types of hydraulic tools
spreaders
shears/cutters
combination spreaders/cutters
rams
If a hydraulic power unit fails, use the _____.
manually operated hydraulic pump
Spreaders can be spread up to _____. With
the use of _____they can be used to _____.
32”
chains
push or pull
Shears can be opened up to _____.
7”
Combination spreaders/shears typically
provide less _____ and smaller ______.
power/capabilities
opening ranges
Rams can be used to _____ as well as push.
pull
When used to close, a RAM provides only
_____ the opening force.
about 1/2
porta-power system
uses a manually operated hydraulic pump
and a high pressure hose to connect to
various accessory tools.
4 disadvantages of manually operated
hydraulic pumps
lower power
slower
limited range
labor intensive
primary advantage of the porta-power
primary disadvantage is _____.
can be operated in narrow places
time consuming and assembly of complex combos of accessories.
Remember to put a _____ under a
hydraulic jack.
solid base plate
You might have to use ______ to create a
solid footing for a hydraulic jack.
cribbing
3 types of mechanical jacks
bar screw jack
trench screw jack
ratchet-lever jack
ratchet-lever jacks are aka _____.
high jacks
Never work under a load only supported
_____.
by a jack
Primary use of a bar screw jack
to hold an object in place
Trench screw jacks are used as _____ in
trenches and have _____ on each end and
an _____.
cross braces
swivel plates
adjusting handle
shoring
use of timber, jacks, struts, or other devices to temporarily support or hold forms, structural components, or sheeting against trench walls.
ratchet jacks consist of a _____ with _____
and a ____ with 2 ratchets on the _____.
rigid I-beam
holes
jacking carriage
geared side
in ratchet jacks, one ratchet _____ and the
other _____.
holds the carriage
moves the carriage up or down
Ratchet jacks are the least _____ of jacks.
stable
Cribbing is
varying lengths of hardwood used to
stabilize. wedges are included too.
3 Cribbing characteristics
solid
straight
free from knots or splits
Cribbing dimensions run from _____
2”x4”-6”x6” and up to 36” in length
Cribbing should not be _____ except on
ends if used for ID.
painted
Plastic cribbing _____ than wood cribbing
and is resistant to _____ and _____.
lasts many times longer
chemicals
splintering
Pneumatic tools used _____ for power.
compressed air
Never used compressed _____ with
pneumatic tools.
O2
6 pneumatic tools
air chisel pneumatic nail gun impact wrenches air knife air vacuum whizzer saw
air chisels operate between _____ psi.
90-250
air chisels use _____ and are good for
cutting _____ and for _____.
interchangeable bits
medium to heavy gauge sheet metal
popping rivets and bolts
impact wrenches are better for _____ of
machinery
disassembly
air knives are used to _____. when
operated at _____ psi they produce air
with a velocity close to _____ at the nozzle.
blast away surface dirt and create holes.
90-100
mach 2
air knives are also useful because they do
not _____ or _____ underground pipes.
cut cables
damage
air vacuums operate on _____ pressure
than air knives. they are used to pick up
loose soil around _____.
less
patients
whizzer saws are used for _____ operations. they weigh about _____ and are good for cutting _____ and _____.
fine cutting
2#
case hardened locks
steel stock up to 3/4”
whizzer saws use _____ blades and operate at around _____ psi.
carborundum
90
Lifting/Pulling tools include
tripods winches come-alongs chains air bags block and tackle systems
3 common drives for winches
electric
hydraulic
power take-off
Never use winches for _____ .
live person loads
If possible, you should be how far away
from the winch?
the length of cable from the winch to the load
Try to position the winch _____ to the load.
as close as possible
come-alongs are _____ that are operated
by _____.
portable cable winches
manual ratchets
come-alongs range from _____ tons.
1-10
which chain is not used for rescue work?
proof coil chain,
aka hardware chain or common chain.
3 types of lifting bags
low-pressure
medium-pressure
high-pressure
high-pressure air bags can range from
_____ in dimensions and can lift up to
_____.
6”x6” to 36”x36”
20”
low and medium-pressure air bags are
_____ than high pressure air bags and have
much ______ lifting distances. they can lift
up to ______.
much larger
larger
6’
14 safety rules for air bags
plan lift before starting be familiar with equipment follow manufacturer's recommendations keep components in good condition have adequate air supply/cribbing position bags on solid surface protect bags from sharp objects inflate slowly and continuously monitor never work under load supported ONLY by air bags. lift an ", crib an " solid top layer if box cribbing supports bag keep heat away from bags (up to 220F) do not stack more than 2 bags stack with smaller bag on top
if placing a material between air bag and
load, use only _____.
pliable material such as a salvage cover
multi-cell lifting units are safer than _____ .
stacking single air bags
Block and Tackle refers to _____.
a series of pulleys contained within wood
or metal frames used with rope to provide
mechanical advantage.
“block” refers to the _____.
“tackle” refers to the _____.
pulleys
assembly of ropes
pulleys are AKA _____.
sheaves
Most common FD rescue is ______.
vehicle extrication
9 things to consider when approaching automobile accidents.
traffic hazards utility hazards fire hazard hazardous materials # of vehicles type of vehicles position of vehicles how many victims? do i need additional resources?
triage
sorting and classifying patients in medical
treatment priority
goal of stabilization is to _____.
prevent unwanted movement
stabilization tools include _____.
chocks struts jacks winches cribbing air bags wedges ropes, chains, webbing
chock
wooden, plastic, rubber, or metal block
constructed to fit the curvature of the tire
used to prevent rolling.
When using air bags, you must use _____
as a supplement.
cribbing
lift an _____, crib an _____.
inch
inch
Do not cut any ______ cables.
orange
Before disconnecting/shutting down
power to car, ______.
lower windows, move seats, unlock doors
as needed.
Turn off _____, remove ______, and ______
when at automobile accidents.
ignition
key
set parking brake
When disconnecting the battery, cut the
_____ cable first, then the ______. Cut out
atleast a ______ section of each cable.
negative
positive
2”
Try before you _____.
pry
In automobiles, gain access to a patient via _____, ______, and then by _____.
opening doors
opening windows
cutting away parts of the vehicle
Reserve energy can maintain sufficient
voltage to deploy air bags up to ______
minutes after battery disconnection.
30
SIPS
side impact protection system
SRS
supplemental restraint system
Air bags can deploy at speeds up to _____.
200mph
Restraint systems can be operated _____.
both electrically and mechanically
During vehicle extrication, the vehicle is
______ and not the reverse.
removed from around the patient
patient packaging involves _____.(3 things)
bandaging wounds
applying splints
patient immobilization
laminated safety glass
consists of 2 sheets of glass that are
laminated to a sheet of plastic between
them under high temperature and pressure
laminated safety glass is normally found
in _____.
windshields
tempered glass
glass specially treated so that it is harder
to break than plate glass or a single sheet
of laminated glass.
tempered glass is most commonly used
in _____.
side windows and some rear windows
tempered glass is designed to break into
______
many small pieces
You want to _____ laminated glass to remove it.
cut away
use a ______ or a _____to remove tempered glass.
center punch
sharp pointy object
Windshield should be removed by first,
______ and then the ______.
cutting the sides
bottom of the windshield
To control broken tempered glass, you can
use _____ or _____.
duct tape
spray on adhesives
For 2 door cars, there is no _____ post.
B
unibody construction
where the frame and body of a vehicle is
all one integral unit.
When the roof is removed from a unibody
construction vehicle, a _____ should be placed to support the middle of the car.
step block or cribbing
Displacing a dashboard can be done by
______ only _____.
removing
1 door
NFPA 1670
Std. on Ops and Training for Tech. Search
and Rescue Incidents. (Team)
“Technical Rescue” is _____.
the application of special knowledge, skills,
and equipment to safely resolve unique
and/or complex rescue situations.
Structures may collapse due to at least
5 things.
damage due to fire damage due to weather(wind, rain, snow, etc.) earthquakes and tsunamis explosion faulty engineering and design
Structures collapse in ______ patterns.
predictable
5 recognized patterns of structural collapse
A-frame Cantilever Lean-to Pancake V-shape
Pancake collapse are caused by the _____
and is the least likely to contain _____.
simultaneous failure of exterior walls
voids
V-shaped collapses occur when the outer \_\_\_\_\_ remain \_\_\_\_\_ and the \_\_\_\_\_ fail in the \_\_\_\_\_. This pattern offers a good chance of \_\_\_\_\_ spaces being created along \_\_\_\_\_.
walls intact upper floors and/or roof structure middle habitable void both outer walls
Lean-to collapses are when _____ while
the _____ remains _____. This will create a
_____ that may contain ______.
one outer wall fails opposite wall intact large triangular void space trapped victims
A-frame collapses occur when _____ into
what might seem as opposing _____.
This pattern has a good chance of void
spaces _____.
the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of center wall collapse into
lean-to collapses.
on both sides of the center wall
An A-frame collapse produces ______ in
______ along a _____.
voids
2 separate spaces
common wall
Cantilever collapse is when _____ of a
multi-story building collapse but leave
the _____ and _____ by the remaining ____.
This collapse is the _____ and is the most
vulnerable to _____.
one or more walls floors attached supported walls least stable secondary collapse
secondary collapse
a collapse that occurs after the initial collapse
if searching for victims in a structural
collapse you will concentrate on the _____
areas most likely to contain victims
habitable voids spaces
6 most common means of locating victims
in a structural collapse
hailing: calling out to them TICs electronically enhanced listening devices short-distance radar or seismic devices hand-held or robotic search cameras search dogs
seismic devices detect _____ produced
by _____.
minute vibrations
victim movement
calling out to victims is good when used
in conjuction with a ______ and the
presence of _____.
physical search
search dogs
11 structural collapse hazards
unstable, sharp, jagged debris exposed re-bar electrical hazards (exposed wiring) damaged utilities (gas,water,electric) hazmat hazardous atmospheres fire darkness confined spaces heights weather issues (temps, rain, wind, snow)
shoring is the ____
variety of means by which unstable
structures or parts of structures can be
stabilized
shoring is also the _____. It is not intended to
_____ but just to _____.
process of preventing the sudden movement of objects that are too large to be moved in a timely manner. move the heavy objects stabilize them
7 Tools for Structural Collapse and Shoring
air bags and air cart amkus tools cribbing (wedges, blocks, step) jacks lumber and plywood pneumatic hand tools struts (pneumatic or mechanical)
Trench rescue’s 1st major decision is to
determine if it is a ______ or a _______.
rescue
recovery
The 1st goal of Trench Rescue is to create
_____ to _____. It can be done with _____,
_____, _____, and _____.
a safe zone protect rescuers and victims plywood sheeting planks lumber struts
Ladders should be placed _____ within a
trench and they should extend _____ above
the top of the trench.
at both ends of the safe zone
at least 3’
4 minimum safety requirements for Trench Rescue
cordon off a 100’ area around the trench
ladders on both sides of the safe zone
eliminate sources of vibration within 500’
stay away from the lips of the trench
if responding to an incident involving
electrical lines or equipment you must
assume _____
that all lines or equipment are energized
4 things to do for electrical incidents
1) assume all lines and equip. r energized
2) secure the scene and deny entry
3) call for power company to respond
4) allow only power company to cut lines
ground gradient is the _____ as it spreads
across the ground.
loss of voltage in the electrical current
distance to stay away from a downed
electrical line
the span distance between poles
if tingling in your feet as you approach a
downed power line, then u _____ and ____.
put your feet together and hop away from the line
4 water rescue methods
reach
throw
row(boat ops)
go
unless there is a medical or fire emergency
than _____ should be called to assist _____
elevator mechanics
people trapped in elevators
escalators have _____ located _____ or
_____ or _____.
manual stop switches
nearby both ends
at the base of the escalator
near where the handrail goes into the newel base.
primary search teams should carry these
4 pieces of equipment at the minimum
radios
lights
forcible entry tools
TIC
pneumatic nailers use compressed air to
drive nails into _____ or _____. they are
useful in creating _____ systems.
wood
masonry
shoring
