SYMPTOMS

Question 1

• Abduction of forefoot on rearfoot
• Minimal callus formation at medial heel
• Hypermobile 1st ray with possible lesion sub 2nd ray
• Heloma dura (callus) at the dorsolateral 5th digit
• Possible contraction of the lesser digits
• Medial and anterior plantar shoe wear

Answer 1

Fully compensated, forefoot varus

Question 2

• Calcaneus vertical or in varus
• Straight lateral border of the foot
• Callus formation on lateral aspect of forefoot, usually at 5th met head
• Callus on medial aspect of hallux
• Contracted lesser digits
• Shoe wear under the 5th met head area

Answer 2

Uncompensated, forefoot varus

Question 3

• Show same pathology as seen in either compensated or uncompensated, depending on degree compensation

Answer 3

Partially compensated, forefoot varus

Question 4

• HAV
• Callus formation
• Dislocated digits
• Plantar fasciitis/heel spur
• Midtarsal subluxation
• Postural fatigue

Answer 4

General pathology associated with or secondary to forefoot varus

Question 5

• Rearfoot has enough motion at STJ to get to vertical → GRFs are greater laterally forcing the heel to evert in order
to equalize the forces
• Heel should remain relatively vertical, as long as there is no contributory forefoot pathology

Answer 5

Fully compensated, rearfoot varus

Question 6

• Patient can’t evert rearfoot to vertical, but they do have some eversion
• If patient can get 4-6⁰ eversion then rearfoot complaints will be decreased

Answer 6

Partially compensated, rearfoot varus

Question 7

• No eversion of rearfoot from NCSP
• Sgarlotto states this is probably due to a synostosis at the TC joint or secondary to arthritis of the STJ or trauma
• Entire plantar surface will be inverted relative to the ground (unless patient has forefoot valgus)

Answer 7

Uncompensated, rearfoot varus

Question 8

• HAV secondary to hypermobile 1st ray
• Hammered 5th digit
• Severe plantar calluses at met heads 2, 3, 4
• Severe arch fatigue, leg cramps, thigh fatigue and back pain
• Forefoot supinatus

Answer 8

Fully compensated, ankle joint equines

Question 9

• Shear callus sub 2, severity depending on hypermobility of the 1st ray
• Lesser digit contractures, severity depending on amount of rearfoot varus
• Mild HAV deformity
• Calf/thigh/low back pain
• Stress on articular surface of ankle joint causing flattening and eventually adding of osseous component to equines

Answer 9

Partially compensated, ankle joint equines

Question 10

• Callus formation under the ball of the foot secondary to patient bearing weight on this area during gait
• Contracture of lesser digits

Answer 10

Uncompensated, ankle joint equines