HIGH YIELD EQUINAS

Question 1

What is equinus?

Answer 1

-inability of the foot to dorsiflex 10 degrees on the leg with the STJ in neutral
position

Question 2

when there is inversion of the forefoot relative to a bisection of the rear foot observed with the
STJ in its neutral position and the MTJ maximally pronated around both axis is called what?

Answer 2

-forefoot varus

Question 3

What is the compensation for forefoot varus?

Answer 3

-to pronate the STJ into the propulsive period of the stance phase of gait

Question 4

What is rearfoot varus?

Answer 4

-the rear foot in inverted relative to the ground

Question 5

What is the compensation for rearfoot varus?

Answer 5

-to pronate the STJ to equalize ground reactive forces across the heel

Question 6

What is forefoot valgus?

Answer 6

-the forefoot is everted relative to the rear foot, with the STJ in it’s neutral
position and both the MTJ maximally pronated

Question 7

Because forefoot valgus is a flexible deformity what can that cause?

Answer 7

-the 1st ray dorsiflexes in response to ground reactive forces, followed by forefoot inversion

Question 8

What is seen in conjunction with high amounts of tibial valgum or patients who are morbidly obese?

Answer 8

-rearfoot valgus

Question 9

What is congenital convex pes valgus?

Answer 9

-vertical talus or oblique talus

Question 10

What 3 things can STJ pronation cause?

Answer 10

-diminished compression across the STJ
-decreases the pull of the talus on the calcaneus in the frontal plane (decreasing
stability)
-INCREASES the angulation between the talus and calcaneus in the transverse
plane.

Question 11

If the STJ is abnormally pronated during propulsion what can that cause?

Answer 11

• OMTJ will be pronated (for stability it should be supination)
• LMTJ will be supinated (for stability it should be pronated)

Question 12

If the MTJ are unstable then what will be unstable?

Answer 12

-the lesser tarsus (which causes the forefoot to be hyper mobile)

Question 13

Where is the common area for lesions with rearfoot varus?

Answer 13

-diffuse callus under the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd metatarsal heads

Question 14

Where is the common area for lesions with forefoot varus?

Answer 14

• hyperkeratosis sub second metatarsal head (no bunion though)
• can also see callus sub IPJ of the hallux
• may even see a callus or distal clavus on the end of the distal phalanx of the second digit

Question 15

Where is the common area for lesions with equines?

Answer 15

• diffuse callus formation underneath the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal heads
• may also see lesions on the ends of the distal phalanx of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits

Question 16

Where is the common lesion with rear foot valgus?

Answer 16

-diffuse callus formation underneath the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal heads

Question 17

What are 3 rearfoot symptoms?

Answer 17

-heel, ankle, and midfoot pain

Question 18

What are some forefoot symptoms?

Answer 18

• metatarsalgia (pain under met head)
• first MPJ pain
• HAV
• contracted digits
• plantar calluses
• neuroma pain
• neuralgia pain mimics neuronal pain