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sustainability and the environment Flashcards

1
Q

what is a finite resource?

A

not sustainable
will eventually run out
e.g oil, gas, coal

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2
Q

what is a non finite resource?

A

sustainable
won’t run out
e.g solar energy, wind energy

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3
Q

what are the ways to reduce waste and make a product more sustainable?

A

-Recycling schemes
-Returning electronic products to companies for disposal.
-Creating products with re-usable or replaceable parts.
-Encouraging the use of renewable power sources.
-encouraging refillable products.
-Using more recycled materials.

-Sourcing local materials or reducing transport
-Reducing parts.
-Labelling for recycling.

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4
Q

what are the three main types of fossil fuels?

A

-coal
-gas
-oil

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5
Q

what are the two advantages of fossil fuels?

A

-A small amount of fuel creates large amounts of energy.
-Fuel is very safe and stable to transport and use.

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6
Q

what are the 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

-CO2 is produced when fossil fuels are burned which causes pollution and can contribute to global warming.
-The supply of fossil fuels is limited and as demand is increasing we will eventually run out.

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7
Q

how does nuclear power work?

A

-A high energy source of heat is created.
-This heats water into steam.
-The steam drives a turbine.
-The turbine then generates electricity.

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8
Q

what are the 3 advantages of nuclear power?

A

-The process is clean and efficient.
-Power plants don’t need a lot of space.
-it is a reliable source of energy.

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9
Q

what are the 2 disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

-releases radioactive waste which is harmful to the environment
-if the reactor explodes then it can have a disastrous affect on the environment

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10
Q

what are the 5 main renewable energy sources?

A

Wind.
Solar.
Tidal.
Hydro-electrical.
Biomass.

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11
Q

how do wind turbines work?

A

Wind turbines use a generator to convert movement from the wind into electricity.

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12
Q

what are the 4 disadvantages of wind power?

A

-only work in windy conditions
-make a noise
-they can disturb or harm wildlife
-they are large and some people don’t like how they look

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13
Q

how does solar power work?

A

Photovoltaic cells convert energy from the sun’s rays into electricity.

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14
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of solar power?

A

-only work in sunny conditions
-They need to be angled towards the sun’s rays.
-they can’t store energy

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15
Q

how does tidal power work?

A

the movement of turbines in the water use a generator to convert movement from the tide or waves into electricity.

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16
Q

what are the 4 disadvantages of tidal power?

A

-expensive
-Difficult to access for maintenance and repair.
- disturb or harm sea life.
-They can change the movement of water and this could lead to erosion of coastlines.

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17
Q

how does hydro-electrical power work?

A

hydro-dams:
water flows from a higher reservoir into a lower reservoir and turns a turbine, which turns a generator. the water from the lower reservoir can be pumped back to the higher reservoir and repeat the process

18
Q

what are the 3 disadvantages of hydro-electrical power?

A

-It can disturb or harm wildlife.
-Expensive to build.
-Destroys the natural environment.

19
Q

how does biomass work?

A

decay from dead plants or animals is burned to generate heat and turn turbines to generate electricity

20
Q

what are the 2 disadvantages of biomass?

A

-creates carbon emmissions
-needs areas of land=deforestation which can disturb or harm wildlife

21
Q

what is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?

A

analysing a products life and it’s impact on the environment

22
Q

what are the 5 main stages of a life cycle assessment?

A

-Extraction of raw materials.
-Manufacture and assembly.
-Transportation.
-Use.
-Disposal

23
Q

what are batteries?

A

electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electricity.

24
Q

how is cotton harming the environment?

A

-growing cotton needs lots of chemical fertilisers + insecticides- can harm workers health and uses large quantities of water that may be needed for drinking water

-fertilisers and insecticides may also pollute waterways

-intensive farming and deforestation of land for cotton crops causes changes to landscape and destroys habitats

25
Q

what are the environmental effects of transporting textile material?

A

transporting textiles from where they were made to the country where they are sold uses fuel and puts pressure on transport systems.

26
Q

how does textile waste affect the environment?

A

takes up a lot of landfill and toxic chemicals can leach into surrounding land and waterways.

27
Q

how does the use of colouring processes and chemical finishes affect the environment?

A

-colouring processes use a lot of chemicals and water, and their effluent can pollute waterways
-chemical finishes e.g flame retardancy can also cause pollution of waterways and land if waste is not disposed of properly.

28
Q

what is global warming?

A

increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere and oceans

29
Q

when does global warming occur?

A

when carbon dioxide collects in the earths atmosphere
the gases absorb the sunlight reflecting off the earth and trap heat which is unable to escape

30
Q

what two things could designers do to prevent deforestation?

A

-introduce a zero-deforestation policy
-set targets to maximise the use of recycled materials

31
Q

how is textile waste bad for the environment?

A

textile waste takes up lots of landfill space and toxic chemicals can leak out into water supplies

32
Q

how can you reduce environmental factors when dyeing cotton?

A

you can grow cotton fibres already coloured, which reduces the need to use water and chemical dyes.

33
Q

what are the 6rs?

A

-reduce
-reuse
-recycle
-rethink
-repair
-refuse

34
Q

what does reduce mean?

A

reduce- reduce the number of products created and used which saves waste being sent to landfill

35
Q

what does reuse mean?

A

reuse products rather than buying new ones- saves waste being sent into landfill

36
Q

what does recycle mean?

A

some products or materials can be reused to have another purpose

37
Q

what does rethink mean?

A

consumers have more choice and knowledge about buying environmentally friendly products. designers and manufactures have to rethink their design choices.

38
Q

what does repair mean?

A

repair a product if it is damaged to avoid buying a new one. this reduces waste going into landfill

39
Q

what are the 2 pros and 2 cons of rechargeable batteries?

A

cons:
-more expensive
-limited lifespan

pros:
-are rechargable
-more economical in the long term

40
Q

what is fair trade?

A

ensuring that the workers who are manufacturing the products have fair conditions such as:
-minimum pay
-the access to safety wear
-not working long hours for little pay
-sick pay ect

easier textiles flashcards (32 decks)

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