composite and smart materials and modern materials Flashcards
what is a smart material?
a material that reacts to environmental changes
what 5 things can a smart material react to?
heat, light, stress, moisture, or PH
what are shape memory alloys?
alloys that will return to their original shape when heated
what is goretex?
laminated membrane
what are the properties of gore-tex?
-breathable
-lightweight
-waterproof
what is gore-tex used for?
used on jackets and shoes
how can smart materials be incorporated?
by embroidering or priming them on
what are properties of electro-textiles?
-wearable
-soft, washable fabric with optical and electrical fibres in it
what are memory textiles?
shape memory polymers
what are thermochromatic alloys?
pigments that change colour depending on temp
what are some uses for thermochromatic alloys?
used for novelty products and medical uses ( like wound dressings)
what are photochromic alloys?
pigments that change colour depending on how much light is present
what can photochromic alloys be used for?
novelty products to measure sen exposure
what is a composite material?
a material made up of two or more materials and is designed to enhance properties
what are technical textiles?
textiles manufactured for function rather than aesthetic
what are conductive fabrics?
fabrics that have conductive fibres and can allow electrical currents to pass through them
what do fire-resistant materials use to stay fire resistant?
meta-aramid
what does CRP stand for?
carbon reinforced plastic
what are the properties of CRP?
-lightweight
-high strength to weight ratio
-rigid
-tough
how are composite materials formed?
by combining two or more materials that have different properties
what does GRP stand for?
glass reinforced plastic
what are properties of GRP?
strong
light
mouldable
what are nano-fibres?
tiny molecules (smaller than 100 nanometers) that are added to fibres. they can be used to make the fabric repel water
what are microfibres?
polyester or nylon microfibres that can be blended with synthetic or natural fibres
what can microfibres be used for?
outdoor and sportswear
what are the 4 properties of microfibres?
-durable
-crease resistant
-easy to care for
-breathable
what is GRP?
a mixture of glass fibre and thermosetting plastic
what is CRP a mixture of?
carbon fibres and thermosetting plastic
what is graphene?
a thin layer of graphite
what can graphene be used for?
aeroplanes and sports rackets
what are the 6 properties of graphene?
-clear
-flexible
-stretchable
-strong
-lightweight
-imperable
what are nano materials?
tiny particles woven into fabrics to solve several issues (e.g teflon to keep school uniforms clean)
what is kelvar?
synthetic fibre which can be woven to create super strength and lightweight fabric.
what can kevlar be used for?
used in bullet proof vests
what is normex?
fire resistant fabric with resistance built into the fibres
what are some uses of normex?
used in fire-fighter uniforms
what is liquid crystal display? (LCD)
flat screen display which uses liquid crystals to create the shape formed by an image on a screen and it is used in calculators, and flat screen TVs
what are the properties of LCD?
-flexible
-high definition
-energy efficient
what are the 5 modern materials?
-kevlar
-normex
-LCD
-graphene
-nano materials
how are kevlar fibres arranged?
in layers
what is an example of a technical textile?
kevlar
what are some uses for nanomaterials?
coating glass and fabric- nanomaterials can repel dirt or water which gives them ‘self cleaning’ properties
what are the properties of titanium?
-high strength to weight ratio
-resistant to corrosion
-used in medicine like replacing hip joints and surgical instruments and is also used in sports equipment
what are metal foams?
metal structures made from allumininium and titanium
what are the properties of metal foams?
-strong
-lightweight
-conduct heat and electricity
-recyclable
they are used for soundproofing in cars and crash protection safety features
what are constarch polymers?
natural organic polymers that come from vegetables
they are renewable and biodegradable and are used in things like disposable cutlery
what is PTFE?
non stick coating which is applied to surfaces to make them slippery like kitchen utensils
why is plating done?
to prevent corrossion
