Superficial Shoulder

Question 1

what is another term for the posterior axio appendicular muscles

Answer 1

hypaxial back muscles

Question 2

what do the superficial muscles of the back move

Answer 2

the upper limb and pectoral girdle

Question 3

what is the sensory (pain and proprioception) and motor innervation of the trapezius

Answer 3

motor: accessory nerve/CN11
sensory: C3/C4 spinal nerves

Question 4

what is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 4

thoracodorsal nerve- brachial plexus

Question 5

what makes up layer 1 of the posterior axio appendicular muscles

Answer 5

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Question 6

what makes up layer 2 of the posterior axio appendicular muscles

Answer 6

levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major

Question 7

what makes up layer 3 of the posterior axio appendicular muscles

Answer 7

serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

Question 8

what is the innervation of levator scapulae

Answer 8

3rd and 4th cervical spinal nerves and dorsal scapular nerve- cervical and brachial plexus

Question 9

what is the innervation of rhomboid minor

Answer 9

dorsal scapular nerve- brachial plexus

Question 10

what is the innervation of rhomboid major

Answer 10

dorsal scapular nerve- brachial plexus

Question 11

what is the innervation of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

Answer 11

intercostal nerve branches

Question 12

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, and actions trapezius

Answer 12

-proximal attachment- external occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
-distal attachment- lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
-actions: elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula, rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

Question 13

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, and actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 13

-proximal attachment: spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 ribs
- distal attachment: floor or intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus
- actions: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises torso towards arms during climbing

Question 14

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, and actions of rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Answer 14

-proximal attachment: rhomboid major: spinous processes of T2-T5. rhomboid minor: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1
-distal attachment: rhomboid major: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle. rhomboid minor: medial end of scapular spine
-actions: BOTH retract, elevate, and rotate scapular downward, and fix it to thoracic wall

Question 15

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, and actions of levator scapulae

Answer 15

-proximal attachment: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
- distal attachment: medial border of scapula, superior part of scapular spine
- actions: elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 16

what 3 muscles move the scapula

Answer 16

rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, and levator scapulae

Question 17

what are the anterior axio appendicular muscles

Answer 17

pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, subclavius, serratus anterior

Question 18

what are the anterior axio appendicular muscles innervated by

Answer 18

ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus

Question 19

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, actions, and innervation of pectoralis major

Answer 19

-proximal attachment: clavicular and sternocostal attachments
- distal attachment: bicipital groove
-actions: adducts and medial rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly, clavicular portion flexes humerus, sternal portion can extend humerus while it is in this flexed position
- innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Question 20

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, actions, and innervation of pectoralis minor

Answer 20

-proximal attachment: 3rd-5th ribs, near costal cartilages
- distal attachment: coracoid process of scapula
- actions: stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall
- innervation: medial pectoral nerve

Question 21

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, actions, and innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 21

-proximal attachment: external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs of 1-9
- distal attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
- actions: protracts scapula, rotates scapula upward, holds scapula against thorax, full abduction of humerus and arms raised above head
- innervation: long thoracic nerve

Question 22

what nerve and muscle are affected in medial winging of scapula

Answer 22

long thoracic nerve and serratus anterior affected

Question 23

what is the function of the subclavius

Answer 23

stabilizes the clavicle

Question 24

what is the proximal attachment, distal attachment, actions, and innervation of subclavius

Answer 24

-proximal attachment: junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
- distal attachment: inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
- actions: anchors and depresses clavicle
- innervation: nerve to subclavius