Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

what are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep

Answer 1

skin, camper’s fascia (fatty SF), scarpa’s fascia (membranous SF)
-3 layers of muscle
- transversalis fascia
- extraperitoneal fat
-parietal peritoneum

Question 2

where does the linea alba run from

Answer 2

the xyphoid process to pubic symphsis

Question 3

what is located in camper’s fascia/superficial fascia fatty layer

Answer 3

cutaneous veins

Question 4

describe scarpa’s fascia/ superficial fascia membranous layer

Answer 4

extremely thin

Question 5

where does the rectus abdominis insert

Answer 5

on costal cartilages and xiphoid processes

Question 6

describe the fibers of the rectus abdominis

Answer 6

fibers run vertically, about 3 times as wide superiorly as inferiorly

Question 7

where are the 4 tendinous insertions of the rectus abdominis

Answer 7

in the superifcial division of the rectus sheath

Question 8

where is the origin of the rectus abdominic

Answer 8

pubis

Question 9

what is a aponeurosis

Answer 9

giant flat tendon continuation of muscle fibers

Question 10

describe the internal abdominal oblique muscle

Answer 10

fibers are not parallel muscle is fan shaped so its not a 90 degree angle between internal and external oblique muscles

Question 11

where do transversus abdominis muscle and transversalis fascia meet

Answer 11

left and right structures meet at the linea alba

Question 12

what is spatial relationship between the inguinal ligament and the pelvis

Answer 12

theres a gap between

Question 13

where do external oblique muscles move in relation to skeletal muscle (superficial)

Answer 13

superior

Question 14

where do internal oblique muscles move in relation to skeletal muscle (superficial)

Answer 14

inferior

Question 15

where do transversus abdominis muscles move in relation to skeletal musce (superficial)

Answer 15

inferior

Question 16

where do internal oblique muscles move in relation to skeletal muscle (deep)

Answer 16

superior

Question 17

where do transversus abdominis muscles move in relation to skeletal muscle (deep)

Answer 17

superior

Question 18

what is sensory innervation of skin over the anterior abdominal wall provided by

Answer 18

ventral rami of lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-11), subcostal nerve (T12), and iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Question 19

what nerves provide somatic motor innervation to the anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 19

the same nerves as the sensory innervation

Question 20

what are the 2 epigastric arteries

Answer 20

inferior and superior

Question 21

where are the epigastric arteries in relation to the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 21

deep

Question 22

what drains into the axillary node

Answer 22

lymph from the skin above the umbilicus (including back and upper limb)

Question 23

what drains into superficial inguinal nodea

Answer 23

lymph from the skin below the umbilicus (including back, pelvis, perineum, and lower limb)

Question 24

what is flexion of the trunk

Answer 24

-bilateral
-bending forward

Question 25

what is lateral flexion of the trunk

Answer 25

- unilaterla -bend side to side

Question 26

what is rotation of the trunk

Answer 26

-unilateral - twist toward active side (R side muscles twist toward R side)

Question 27

what functions of the abdominal wall muscles are related to changed in intraabdominal pressure

Answer 27

-stabilization of the trunk during strenous physical effort (Valsalva's maneuver) - forceful expiration -coughing or sneezing - urination and defecation -labor and delivery

Question 28

what are the main 2 functions of abdominal wall muscles

Answer 28

-muscle decrease abdominal cavity volume/increase intraabdominal pressure - abdominal organs increase pressure in thorax and pelvis