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Anatomy > Heart Vasculature and innervation > Flashcards

Heart Vasculature and innervation Flashcards

1
Q

what do the coronary arteries supply

A

the myocardium and epicardium

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2
Q

what are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

-SA nodal (60%)
- right marginal artery
-AV nodal
- posterior interventricular artery

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3
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

A

the circumflex
-anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

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4
Q

what is an end artery

A

an artery that is the only supply of O2 blood to a portion of tissue

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5
Q

what is the main example of end arteries

A

coronary arteries

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6
Q

do end arteries anastomose

A

no

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7
Q

what are intercoronary anastomoses

A

numerous anastamoses between the left and right coronary arteries

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8
Q

what are intracoronary anastomoses

A

between branches of the same artery

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9
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply

A

-RA
-RV
-posterior 1/3 interventricular septum
- SA and AV nodea

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10
Q

what does the anterior interventricular artery (LAD) give off

A

diagonal branch

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11
Q

what does the circumflex give off

A

left marginal

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12
Q

what does the left coronary artery supply

A

-LA
-LV
- portion of RV
- interventricular septum (anterior 2/3)
- AV node
-SA node (40% of population) from circumflex branch

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13
Q

what does the circumflex supply

A

-LA
- lateral LV
-inferior LV
- posterior LV
- SA node
- AV node

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14
Q

where does the right coronary artery run

A

in the coronary sulcus

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15
Q

what does the sinu-atrial nodal artery supply

A

the SA node

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16
Q

what does the right marginal artery supply

A

the RV but does not reach apex

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17
Q

what is the most common area of artery blockage

A

anterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

what is the dominance of the coronary arterial system

A

the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

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19
Q

how common is right dominance

A

67%

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20
Q

how common is left dominance

A

15%

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21
Q

what is codominance of the heart and how common

A

both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove
- 18%

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22
Q

what is coronary atherosclerosis

A

lipid deposits in the lining of coronary arteries

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23
Q

what are the treatments for coronary artery disease

A

lifestyle changes, medications, balloon angioplasty and CABG

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24
Q

what artery is used in a CABG

A

internal thoracic artery

25
what is an MI
occlusion on a major artery by an embolus
26
what happens to the region of the heart supplied by vessels occluded in an MI
become infarcted (bloodless) and necrotic (dead)
27
what is the most common cause of MI
coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis
28
what is the heart drained by
vessels that empty into the coronary sinus
29
where do small anterior cardiac veins drain into
the RA
30
where does the coronary sinus drain into
RA
31
where does the great cardiac vein run
with the anterior interventricular
32
where does the middle cardiac vein run
with posterior interventricular
33
where is the SA node located
in the wall of the RA near the opening of the SVC and the superior end of the crista terminalis
34
what does the SA node do
initiates cardiac muscle contraction and determines HR
35
where is the AV node located
in the interatrial septum superior to the opening of the coronary sinus
36
where does the AV bundle pass
from the AV node in the membraneous part of the interventricular septum and then divides into left and right bundle branches
37
where do cardiac myocytes carry signals to
papillary muscle to coordinate their contraction with systole
38
where are preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located
lateral horns of the spinal cord segments T1-T5
39
where are postganglionic sympathetic cells located
in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia
40
where are posynaptic fibers carried and where do they travel
in thoracic splanchnic nerves, contribute to the cardiac plexus and end in the SA and AV nodes
41
what does sympathetic innervation responsible for
increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heart beat and blood flow in coronary arteries
42
where is parasympathetic innervation from
preganglionic fibers in the vagus nerve
43
what do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers contribute to
the cardiac plexus
44
where are parasympathetic postganglionic cells located
in the cardiac tissue of the atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries
45
where do parasympathetic postsynaptic fibers end
in the SA and AV nodes and directly on the coronary arteries
46
what is parasympathetic stimulation responsible for
decreasing HR, force of contraction and constricting coronary arteries
47
what do visceral pain pathways for the heart follow
the path of sympathetics backwards
48
what does the vagus nerve transmit
visceral sensory pathways that participate in reflex actions that lower BP and HR
49
what are the 3 vessels in the umbilical cord
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein
50
what do the 2 umbilical arteries become
the medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall
51
what are the umbilical arteries branches of
internal iliac arteries
52
what do umbilical arteries do
carry unoxygenated blood away from the fetus
53
what does the umbilical vein drain into
the ductus venosus which drains into the IVC and then the heart. bypasses the liver
54
what does the umbilical vein do
carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
55
what is the blood flow in fetal circulation from the IVC
IVC -> RA -> foramen ovale -> LA ->
56
what does the blood from the IVC in fetal circulation supply
fetus' head, neck, and upper extremities
57
what is the blood flow in fetal circulation from the SVC
RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary trunk
58
where is blood from the pulmonary trunk shunted to in fetal circulation
to the aorta via the ductus arteriosus
59
what does the blood from the aorta in fetal circulation supply
the fetus' thorax, abdomen, pelvis, lower extremities

Anatomy (27 decks)

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