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Anatomy > Heart Vasculature and innervation > Flashcards

Heart Vasculature and innervation Flashcards

1
Q

what do the coronary arteries supply

A

the myocardium and epicardium

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2
Q

what are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

-SA nodal (60%)
- right marginal artery
-AV nodal
- posterior interventricular artery

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3
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery

A

the circumflex
-anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

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4
Q

what is an end artery

A

an artery that is the only supply of O2 blood to a portion of tissue

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5
Q

what is the main example of end arteries

A

coronary arteries

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6
Q

do end arteries anastomose

A

no

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7
Q

what are intercoronary anastomoses

A

numerous anastamoses between the left and right coronary arteries

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8
Q

what are intracoronary anastomoses

A

between branches of the same artery

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9
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply

A

-RA
-RV
-posterior 1/3 interventricular septum
- SA and AV nodea

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10
Q

what does the anterior interventricular artery (LAD) give off

A

diagonal branch

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11
Q

what does the circumflex give off

A

left marginal

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12
Q

what does the left coronary artery supply

A

-LA
-LV
- portion of RV
- interventricular septum (anterior 2/3)
- AV node
-SA node (40% of population) from circumflex branch

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13
Q

what does the circumflex supply

A

-LA
- lateral LV
-inferior LV
- posterior LV
- SA node
- AV node

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14
Q

where does the right coronary artery run

A

in the coronary sulcus

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15
Q

what does the sinu-atrial nodal artery supply

A

the SA node

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16
Q

what does the right marginal artery supply

A

the RV but does not reach apex

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17
Q

what is the most common area of artery blockage

A

anterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

what is the dominance of the coronary arterial system

A

the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

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19
Q

how common is right dominance

A

67%

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20
Q

how common is left dominance

A

15%

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21
Q

what is codominance of the heart and how common

A

both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove
- 18%

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22
Q

what is coronary atherosclerosis

A

lipid deposits in the lining of coronary arteries

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23
Q

what are the treatments for coronary artery disease

A

lifestyle changes, medications, balloon angioplasty and CABG

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24
Q

what artery is used in a CABG

A

internal thoracic artery

25
Q

what is an MI

A

occlusion on a major artery by an embolus

26
Q

what happens to the region of the heart supplied by vessels occluded in an MI

A

become infarcted (bloodless) and necrotic (dead)

27
Q

what is the most common cause of MI

A

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

28
Q

what is the heart drained by

A

vessels that empty into the coronary sinus

29
Q

where do small anterior cardiac veins drain into

A

the RA

30
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain into

A

RA

31
Q

where does the great cardiac vein run

A

with the anterior interventricular

32
Q

where does the middle cardiac vein run

A

with posterior interventricular

33
Q

where is the SA node located

A

in the wall of the RA near the opening of the SVC and the superior end of the crista terminalis

34
Q

what does the SA node do

A

initiates cardiac muscle contraction and determines HR

35
Q

where is the AV node located

A

in the interatrial septum superior to the opening of the coronary sinus

36
Q

where does the AV bundle pass

A

from the AV node in the membraneous part of the interventricular septum and then divides into left and right bundle branches

37
Q

where do cardiac myocytes carry signals to

A

papillary muscle to coordinate their contraction with systole

38
Q

where are preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located

A

lateral horns of the spinal cord segments T1-T5

39
Q

where are postganglionic sympathetic cells located

A

in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia

40
Q

where are posynaptic fibers carried and where do they travel

A

in thoracic splanchnic nerves, contribute to the cardiac plexus and end in the SA and AV nodes

41
Q

what does sympathetic innervation responsible for

A

increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heart beat and blood flow in coronary arteries

42
Q

where is parasympathetic innervation from

A

preganglionic fibers in the vagus nerve

43
Q

what do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers contribute to

A

the cardiac plexus

44
Q

where are parasympathetic postganglionic cells located

A

in the cardiac tissue of the atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries

45
Q

where do parasympathetic postsynaptic fibers end

A

in the SA and AV nodes and directly on the coronary arteries

46
Q

what is parasympathetic stimulation responsible for

A

decreasing HR, force of contraction and constricting coronary arteries

47
Q

what do visceral pain pathways for the heart follow

A

the path of sympathetics backwards

48
Q

what does the vagus nerve transmit

A

visceral sensory pathways that participate in reflex actions that lower BP and HR

49
Q

what are the 3 vessels in the umbilical cord

A

2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein

50
Q

what do the 2 umbilical arteries become

A

the medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall

51
Q

what are the umbilical arteries branches of

A

internal iliac arteries

52
Q

what do umbilical arteries do

A

carry unoxygenated blood away from the fetus

53
Q

what does the umbilical vein drain into

A

the ductus venosus which drains into the IVC and then the heart. bypasses the liver

54
Q

what does the umbilical vein do

A

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

55
Q

what is the blood flow in fetal circulation from the IVC

A

IVC -> RA -> foramen ovale -> LA ->

56
Q

what does the blood from the IVC in fetal circulation supply

A

fetus’ head, neck, and upper extremities

57
Q

what is the blood flow in fetal circulation from the SVC

A

RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary trunk

58
Q

where is blood from the pulmonary trunk shunted to in fetal circulation

A

to the aorta via the ductus arteriosus

59
Q

what does the blood from the aorta in fetal circulation supply

A

the fetus’ thorax, abdomen, pelvis, lower extremities

Anatomy (27 decks)

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