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Anatomy > Nerves of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Nerves of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what innervation does the brachial plexus supply

A

somatomotor and somatosensory innervation to the upper extremity

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2
Q

what does the brachial plexus arise from

A

the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

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3
Q

what section of the spinal cord gives rise to the brachial plexus

A

ventral (anterior) rami of cervical spinal nerve roots C5-T1

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4
Q

where do spinal nerve roots supplying the brachial plexus emerge from and what do they pass through

A

intervertebral formaina of cervical vertebrae and pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles (interscalene space) of the neck

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5
Q

where does the brachial plexus emerge

A

posterolateral to the sternoclediomastoid muscle in the lateral neck region in the posterior triangle through the interscalene space at the level of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx

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6
Q

the brachial plexus maintains an anatomical relationship with subclavian artery and vein as it travels where

A

posterior to the omohyoid muscle and the clavicle on its way to the axilla

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7
Q

what is an interscalene block used for

A

anesthesia of the brachial plexus to temporarily block sensation and motor function to the upper limb

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8
Q

what is a common complication of interscalene blocks

A

accidental partial anesthesia of the diaphragm and temporary respiratory depression due to the proximity of phrenic nerve (C3-C5) to the anterior scalene muscle and compartmentalization of fascia within the neck

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9
Q

what portion of the spinal cord does the phrenic nerve and the brachial plexus overalp

A

C5

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10
Q

when doing an interscalene block what anatomical relationships must you have knowledge of

A

posterior triangle of the neck

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11
Q

what does the brachial plexus pass as it enters the axillary region

A

travels posterior to the pectoralis minor where it forms a relationship with the axillary artery such that the artery runs in the middle of the plexus and is surrounded by the cords and terminal branches

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12
Q

what is the axillary vein’s relationship with the brachial plexus

A

the axillary vein and its tributaries entangle themselves with the branches of the brachial plexus

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13
Q

as the brachial plexus runs into the axilla and along the axillary artery and vein what is it surrounded in

A

surrounded in a neurovascular bundle by the axillary sheath

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14
Q

what does the axillary sheath contain

A

axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus

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15
Q

what are the features of the brachial plexus

A

lateral cord, medial cord, and posterior cord

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16
Q

what is a dermatome

A

area of cutaneous sensory innervation supplied by a single spinal nerve

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17
Q

what dermatomes does C4 supply

A

supraclavicular and upper shoulder region

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18
Q

what dermatomes does C5 supply

A

upper lateral arm and shoulder

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19
Q

what dermatomes does C6 supply

A

posteriolateral arm and lateral forearm

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20
Q

what dermatomes does C7 supply

A

middle of forearm and hand

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21
Q

what dermatomes does C8 supply

A

posteriomedial forearm and medial hand

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22
Q

what dermatomes does T1 supply

A

medial arm

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23
Q

what dermatomes does T2-T5 supply

A

axillary region

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24
Q

what spinal nerves do T2-T5 respond to

A

intercostal nerves

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25
what spinal nerve does T1 respond to
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and medial brachial cutaneous nerve
26
what nerve does C8 respond to
ulnar nerve
27
what nerve does C7 respond to
median nerve
28
what nerves does C6 respond to
median nerve, radial nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve
29
what nerve does C5 respond to
superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (axillary nerve)
30
what nerve does C4 respond to
superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (axillary nerve) and supraclavicular nerves
31
how many spinal nerves supply an individual named muscle in the limbs
more than one
32
what is a myotome
a group of muscles that receive motor innervation from a single spinal nerve
33
what are the divisions of the trunks of the brachial plexus
anterior and posterior division
34
what do the divisions of the trunks of the brachial plexus contribute to
branches that correspond to anterior parts of the limb or posterior parts of the limb
35
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the upper extremity
biceps and brachialis
36
what nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper extremity
musculocutaneous nerve
37
what muscle in is the posterior compartment of the upper extremity
triceps
38
what nerve innervates the three heads of the triceps in the posterior compartment of the upper extremity
the radial nerve
39
what is the function of anterior muscles in the upper extremity
flexion of elbow joint
40
what is the function of posterior muscles in the upper extremity
extension of elbow joint
41
what divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the upper extremity
medial and lateral intermuscular septa
42
what divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm
interosseous membrane
43
in the upper arm and forearm what portion of the spinal nerves contribute to the anterior compartment? posterior compartment?
anterior: only anterior division contributions from spinal nerves posterior: only posterior division contributions from spinal nerves
44
what nerves run in the anterior compartment of the forearm
ulnar and median nerves
45
what nerves run in the posterior compartment of the forearm
radial nerve
46
what is the shoulder (pectoral girdle) region innervated by
nerves that come directly from the roots, trunks, or cords of the brachial plexus
47
what is the arm (brachial) region innervated by
nerves from the medial cord (cutaneous), the musculocutaneous nerve (anterior) and the radial nerve (posterior)
48
what is the forearm (antebrachial) region innervated by
a branch from the medial cord (cutaneous), the median and ulnar nerves (anterior) and the radial nerve (posterior)
49
what motor innervation does the hand receive
from the median and ulnar nerves
50
what sensory innervation does the hand receive
median, ulnar and radial nerves
51
What levels of the spinal cord does the musculocutaneous nerve receive innervation from
C5-C7
52
what levels of the spinal cord does the median nerve receive innervation from
C5-T1
53
what levels of the spinal cord does the ulnar nerve receive innervation from
C8-T1
54
what levels of the spinal cord does the radial nerve receive innervation from
C5-T1
55
what levels of the spinal cord does the axillary nerve receive innervation from
C5-C6
56
what parts of the brachial plexus are in the surpaclavicular region
roots (rami) and trunks
57
what parts of the brachial plexus are in the infraclavicular region
divisions, cords, and branches (nerves)
58
what 2 nerves are associated with spinal nerve roots
dorsal scapular off C5 and long thoracic off C5-C7
59
what nerve branches off the superior trunk
nerve to subclavius and suprascapular nerve
60
what 7 nerves come off of the cords
-upper and lower subscapular nerves -medial pectoral nerve -medial branchial cutaneous nerve -medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve -thoracodorsal nerve - lacteral pectoral nere
61
what is the nmeuomic to remember the brachial plexus
Real Texans Drink Cold Beer
62
how many spinal nerve roots are in the brachial plexus
5
63
how many trunks are in the brachial plexus
3
64
how many cords are in the brachial plexus
3
65
how many terminal branches are in the brachial plexus
5
66
what is a common injury to the superior trunk C5 and C6
Erb's palsy
67
what does Erb's palsy result from
excessive, forceful increase in angle between neck and shoulder
68
what is the most common obstetric brachial plexopathy
Erb's palsy
69
what is the clinical presentation of Erb's palsy
- arm will be adducted - arm will be internally (medially) rotated at the elbow - there will be pronation - there will be extension
70
what is the position of the upper limb described as in Erb's palsy
waiter's tip
71
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the superior trunk
C5 and C6
72
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the middle trunk
C7
73
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the inferior trunk
C8 and T1
74
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the axillary nerve
C5 and C6
75
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the radial nerve
C5- T1
76
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the ulnar nerve
C7- T1
77
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the medial nerve
C5-T1
78
what is the spinal nerve root contribution to the musculocutaneous nerve
C5- C7
79
what muscles present weakness in axillary nerve deficit
deltoid and teres minor
80
what muscles present weakness in suprascapular nerve deficit
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
81
what muscles present weakness in musculocutaneous nerve deficit
biceps
82
what muscles present weakness in radial nerve deficit
brachioradialis and supinator and wrist extensors
83
what nerve can be compressed and injured with the use of crutches
axillary
84
what is the clinical presentation of injury to the axillary region of the radial nerve
weakness when trying to push something away with arm, difficulty extending the wrist, difficulty extending the fingers and opening the hand -"wrist drop" posture
85
what are the causes of injury of the radial nerve at the spiral groove of humerus
-compression of the radial nerve along the midshaft of the humerus "sleep palsy" or "saturday night palsy" - humeral fracture at midshaft (spiral groove fracture)
86
what is the clinical presentation of injury to the radial nerve at the spiral groove of humerus
-difficulty extending the writst -difficulty extending or straightening the fingers and opening the hand -triceps retains strength because nerve fibers entering this muscle branch off proximal to the mid shaft of the humerus - "wrist drop" posture
87
what are the causes of injury to the axillary nerve
-fracture to surgical neck of humerus -anterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint - rotator cuff repair surgery
88
what is the clinical presentation of injury to the axillary nerve
-numbness in posterior deltoid region -difficulty abducting arm - diminished lateral rotation of arm - deltoid muscle wasting
89
what does the long thoracic nerve innervate
serratus anterior muscles
90
what are the causes of injury to the long thoracic nerves
-penetrating wound to the axillary region -surgical removal of axillary lymph nodes
91
what is the clinical presentation of injury to the long thoracic nerve
-cannot raise arms above 90 degrees -"winged scapula"
92
what is the spinal cord level of the long thoracic nerve
C5-C7

Anatomy (27 decks)

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