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Anatomy > Spinal Cord Meninges August 24 > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Meninges August 24 Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what does the brain stem do

A

connects the spinal cord to the brain

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3
Q

what are meninges

A

layers that cover the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord that contain CSF

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4
Q

what contains the meninges

A

thecal sack/dural sack

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5
Q

where are sensory structures located in the spinal cord

A

dorsal horn

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6
Q

where are afferent structures located

A

dorsal horn

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7
Q

where are motor structures located

A

ventral horn

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8
Q

where are efferent structures located

A

ventral horn

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9
Q

what does white matter contain

A

ascending and descending tracks

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10
Q

what does the grey matter of the spinal cord consist of

A

the horns

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11
Q

which structures are in the ascending corticospinal tract

A

sensory/afferent strucutres

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12
Q

which structures are in the descending corticospinal tract

A

motor/efferent structures

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13
Q

which direction do sensory/afferent signals travel

A

from the body towards the dorsal root and horn

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14
Q

what direction do axons from motor and efferent structures travel

A

from ventral and lateral horn out to the body

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15
Q

where does the spinal cord sit

A

in the vertebral canal

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16
Q

what sits inside of the intervertebral foramen

A

the nerve roots

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17
Q

whaat is another word for meninges

A

dura

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18
Q

describe the meningeal layers and spaces in order of outermost to innermost

A

bone, epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater

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19
Q

what layer or space is CSF found in

A

subarachnoid space

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20
Q

what space do epidurals occur

A

epidural space

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21
Q

what is the denticulate ligament made of and what is its function

A

made of pia mater and they attach the arachnoid and dura mater to anchor the spinal cord in the dural sac

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22
Q

where are denticulate ligaments located

A

they run in between the ventral and dorsal rootlets of the spinal cord

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23
Q

what are the contents of the epidural space

A
  • extradural adipose tissue

- internal vertebral venous plexus

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24
Q

what are the contents of the subarachnoid space

A

spinal veins and arteries

  • CSF
  • arachnoid trabeculae
25
what vertebrae does the cervical enlargement exist
c5-T1
26
what is in the cervical enlargement
large nerves that give rise to the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus (cervical and thoracic spinal nerves)
27
at which vertebrae does the lumbar enlargement exist
L1-S2
28
what nerves are at the lumbar enlargement
lumbar plexus and sacral plexus
29
what are the segments of the spinal nerves and how many are in each segment
- cervical (8) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - Sacral (5) - coccygeal (1)
30
what is the terminal end of the spinal cord called
conus medullaris
31
what is the filum terminale internum
pia mater extending from the tip of conus medularis to end of the dural sac
32
what is the filum terminal externum
all dural layers fused together, anchors dural sac in sacrum; extradural
33
what is the lumbar cistern
enlargement of subarachnoid space from L2-S2
34
what is the cauda equina and where is it located
L2-S5 and Co spinal nerve roots that form a strucutre that look like a horse tail in the lumbar cistern, forms as a result of differential growth of spinal cord and vertebral column
35
where is the conus medullaris usually located and what is the possible range for its located
usually at L1-L2 but can be anywhere from T12-L3
36
where is the best place for a spinal tap and why
L3-L5 because the conus medullaris is usually not there
37
what is cauda equina syndrome
rate but serious disorder in which the spinal nerve roots that comprise the cauda equina become compressed and cause a pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital symptoms. onset is gradual
38
what are the symptoms of cauda equina syndrome
bowel and or bladder dysfunction - sexual dysfunction - saddle anesthesia - pain or weakness in lower limbs - loss of knee and ankle reflexes - lower back pain
39
what are some causes of cauda equina syndrome
- herniated intervertebral disc - stenosis of vertebral canal - fracture or other trauma - lesion - infection or hemorrhage in lumbar cistern - developmental abnormality
40
where do segmental spinal arteries arise from
the subclavian artery, descending aorta, and internal iliac artery
41
what arteries feed into the subclavian artery
vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery, and deep cervical artery
42
what arteries feed into the descending aorta
posterior intercostal artery and lumbar artery
43
what arteries feed into the internal iliac artery
lateral sacral artery
44
what arteries contribute to arteries that run longitudinally from the brain stem to the conus medullaris
the anterior spinal artery (arise from vertebral artery) and paired posterior spinal artery (arises from vertebral artery or cerebellar artery)
45
what do the segmental spinal arteries split into after entering the intervertebral foramina
anterior and posterior radicular arteries and segmental medullary artery
46
what is the largest of the segmental medullary arteries, where is it located, and what does it do
radicularis magna or artery of ademkiewicz. located in the lower thoracic or upper lumbar region and supplies the lower spinal cord including the lumbar enlargement
47
describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord
veins drain from several longitudinal channels into the internal vertebral venous plexus that lies in the epidural space
48
describe the order of venous drainage with veins
posterior and anterior spinal veins drain into anterior and posterior medullary veins and radicular veins
49
what does the internal vertebral venous plexus drain into
segmental veins that connect to other major systemic routes
50
what does the internal vertebral venous plexus do and where is it found
found in epidural space embedded in fat. drains the vertebral bodies and provides a protective cushion for contents of the vertebral canal
51
what is the internal vertebral venous plexus an alternate route for
- the jugular veins of the neck are compressed or occluded - blood flow through vena caval system is obstructed - intrathoracic pressure is increased - intraabdominal pressure is increased
52
what does the internal vertebral venous plexus communicate with
- dural venous channels in cranium - veins of scalp and face - veins of thoracoabdominal wall - pulmonary and caval system veins - pelvic and sacral veins
53
what part of the nervous system do ascending tracts originate
PNS
54
what part of the nervous system do descending tracts originate
CNS
55
what does the dorsal column pathway control
fine touch and proprioception
56
what each order or neuron and their function in the dorsal column pathway
first order- signals from upper and lower limb to medulla oblongata second order- pick up signals from first order neurons and carry it from one side to the other and the thalamus third order- carry signal from the thalamus to the ipsilateral sensory cortex of the brain
57
what are the separate tracts of the spinothalamic pathway and what do they control
1. anterior (touch and pressure) | 2. lateral (pain and temperature)
58
describe the neurons in the spinothalamic pathway and their function
first order- arise from peripheral sensory receptors in the body and enter spinal cord and synapse at dorsal root ganglion second order- carry info to thalamus third order- from thalamus carry signal to ipsilateral primary sensory cortex of brain
59
where are the 2 motor neurons in the corticospinal pathway located and what do they do
upper motor neuron located in nucleus of cerebral cortex or brainstem in CNS, responsible for lateral corticospinal tract 85-90% to limbs and anterior corticospinal tract 10-15% to trunk lower motor neuron located in anterior horn of spinal cord or cranial nerve brainstem center in PNS, axons here project out to innervate skeletal muscle

Anatomy (27 decks)

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