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Anatomy > Blood Supply of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Blood Supply of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 major vessels does the aortic arch give rise to from right to left

A

the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery

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2
Q

what does the brachiocephalic artery give rise to on the right

A

the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

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3
Q

what is the origin of blood supply to the upper limb

A

the subclavian arteries

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4
Q

what is the path the subclavian artery takes to become the axillary artery

A

subclavian artery passes posterior to the anterior scalene muscle and courses posterior to the clavicle into the axilla

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5
Q

what are the branches of the major arteries of the upper limb

A

subclavian artery-> axillary artery -> brachial artery -> radial and ulnar artery

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6
Q

what does the subclavian artery supply

A

brain, neck, pectoral region, back and posterior shoulder

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7
Q

what does the axillary artery supply

A

posterior shoulder, axilla, lateral thorax

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8
Q

what does the brachial artery supply

A

arm and cubital region (elbow)

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9
Q

what does radial artery supply

A

cubital region, posterior forearm, hand

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10
Q

what does the ulnar artery supply

A

cubital region, anterior forearm, hand

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11
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the subclavian in relation to anterior scalene muscle

A

-part 1 is medial to the anterior scalene muscle
-part 2 is posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
- part 3 is lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

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12
Q

what is the subclavian origin on the right? left?

A

right: brachiocephalic trunk
left: aortic arch

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13
Q

where does the subclavian artery arise in relation to the sternoclavicular joint

A

posterior

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14
Q

what arteries branch off part 1 of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical arterial trunk

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15
Q

what branches off of the thryocervical arterial trunk

A

-transverse cervical artery which branches off into deep branch and superficial branch
- suprascapular artery

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16
Q

what branches off part 2 of the subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk which has branches called supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery

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17
Q

what branches off part 3 of the subclavian artery

A

usually no arterial branches but sometimes dorsal scapular arteries will arise here

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18
Q

what is the cervicodorsal trunk

A

when the superficial and deep branches of the transverse cervical artery form an arterial trunk

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19
Q

what is a marker for the point at which the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery

A

the lateral border of the first rib

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20
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the axillary artery relative to the pectoralis minor muscle

A

-part 1 is proximal and medial to pectoralis minor
- part 2 is posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle
- part 3 is distal and lateral to pectoralis minor muscle

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21
Q

where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

at the lateral border of the first rib

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22
Q

what makes up part 1 of the branch off the axillary artery

A

superior thoracic artery

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23
Q

what makes up part 2 of the branch off the axillary artery

A

thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery

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24
Q

what makes up the thoracoacromial trunk

A

pectoral branch, deltoid branch, acromial branch, and clavicular branch

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25
Q

what makes up part 3 of the branch off the axillary artery

A

subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral

26
Q

what branches off the subscapular artery

A

circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal

27
Q

what does the superior thoracic artery pass through and what does it supply

A

passes between pectoralis major and minor to supply the first and second intercostal spaces and the superior part of serratus anterior

28
Q

what does the thoracoacromial trunk pierce

A

the costocoracoid membrane

29
Q

where does the lateral thoracic artery descend and what does it supply

A

descends along lateral border of pectoralis minoe muscle to lateral thoracic wall. supplies pectoral, serratus anterior, and intercostal muscles and lateral aspect of breast

30
Q

what is the largest branch of the axillary artery

A

subscapular artery

31
Q

where does the subscapular artery descend

A

along lateral border of subscapularis muscle

32
Q

where is the circumflex artery located

A

curves around lateral border of scapula to enter infraspinous fossa and anastamose with suprascapular arteries

33
Q

what is the circumflex artery very important in

A

scapular anastomoses

34
Q

what does the thoracodorsal artery supply

A

latissimus dorsi

35
Q

which artery is bigger: anterior or posterior circumflex humeral artery

A

posterior

36
Q

where is the anterior circumflex humeral artery located

A

anterior around surgical neck of humerus

37
Q

where is the posterior circumflex humeral artery located

A

posterior around surgical neck of humerus and emerges in quadrangular space at back of shoulder/scapular region with axillary nerve

38
Q

what does the posterior circumflex humeral artery supply

A

deltoid, teres major, teres minor, and long head of triceps muscles

39
Q

what makes up scapular anastomoses

A

arterial branches arising from the subclavian and axillary arteries and some contributions from branches arising directly from thoracic aorta

40
Q

what do scapular anastomoses allow for

A

collateral circulation to the upper limb

41
Q

what are the most important anastomosing arterial branches in the scapular anastomoses

A

suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

42
Q

what happens in cases on injury, ligation, or occlusion of the axillary artery superior to the subscapular artery?

A

direction of blood flow in the subscapular artery is reversed to allow blood to flow to the distal portion of the axillary artery and the rest of the arm, forearm and hand

43
Q

what is the brachial artery a continuation of

A

axillary artery

44
Q

where does the brachial artery begin

A

at the inferior border or teres major muscle

45
Q

where is the brachial artery palpable

A

in medial aspect of arm because its pretty superficial

46
Q

what is the main blood supply to the arm

A

brachial artery

47
Q

what branches off the brachial artery

A
  • deep brachial artery -> middle collateral and radial collateral
  • superior ulnar collateral
  • inferior ulnar collateral
48
Q

where do shoulder and arm arteries anastomose with forearm arteries

A

cubital region

49
Q

what does the ulnar artery give off

A

-anterior ulnar recurrent a.
- posterior ulnar recurrent a.
- common interosseous a. -> anterior interosseous a. and posterior interosseous a. and recurrent interosseous a.

50
Q

what does the radial artery give off

A

radial recurrent artery

51
Q

what are the branches that anastomose between the brachial artery and the ulnar artery

A
  • superior ulnar collateral and posterior ulnar recurrent
  • inferior ulnar collateral and anterior ulnar recurrent
52
Q

what are the branches that anastomose between the deep brachial artery and radial and interosseous arteries

A

-radial collateral artery and radial recurrent artery
- middle collateral artery and interosseous recurrent artery

53
Q

what arteries run in the anterior forearm

A
  • ulnar a.
  • radial a.
    -anterior interosseous a.
54
Q

what arteries run in the posterior forearm

A

-radial a.
-recurrent interosseous a.
- posterior interosseous a.
- dorsal carpal branch (ulnar a.)

55
Q

what arteries run in the anterior/palmar hand

A

-superficial palmar arch -> ulnar artery -> common palmar digital aa. -> proper palmar digital aa.
- deep palmar arch -> radial artery

56
Q

what arteries run in the posterior/dorsal hand

A

-radial artery which gives off princeps pollicis artery, dorsal carpal arch, dorsal digital arteries

57
Q

what is the venous drainage for the upper limb

A

most arteries have companion veins

58
Q

what are the two main superficial veins of the upper limb and what is their relationship to each other

A

cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial)

59
Q

where are the cephalic and basilica veins united

A

in the cubital fossa by the median cubital vein

60
Q

what does the cephalic vein enter and drain into

A

enters the deltopectoral triangle and drains into the axillary vein

61
Q

what does the basilic vein enter and what does it join with

A

enters the basilic hiatus to join with brachial veins and becomes the axillary vein

62
Q

describe the deep drainage of the upper limb

A

-veins from hand and wrist drain into radial and ulnar veins in forearm
- these drain into brachial veins
-brachial veins join with basilic veins as it becomes axillary vein
- axillary vein picks up cephalic vein and then drains in subclavian vein

Anatomy (27 decks)

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