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Medical Terminology > Study guide mid term > Flashcards

Study guide mid term Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

hypo

A

under

below

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1
Q

inter

A

between

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2
Q

epi

A

above

upon

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3
Q

retro

A

backward

behind

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4
Q

sub

A

under

below

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5
Q

quadri

A

4

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6
Q

micro

A

small

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7
Q

tri

A

3

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8
Q

an

A

without

not

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9
Q

intra

A

within

in

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10
Q

supra

A

above
excessive
superior

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11
Q

dia

A

through

across

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12
Q

peri

A

around

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13
Q

brady

A

slow

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14
Q

tachy

A

rapid

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15
Q

dys

A

bad
painful
difficult

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16
Q

eu

A

good

normal

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17
Q

hetero

A

different

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18
Q

mal

A

bad

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19
Q

pseudo

A

false

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20
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

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21
Q

dyspepsia

A

difficult digestion

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22
Q

amastia

A

without breast

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23
Q

eupnea

A

good or normal breathing

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24
Q

Building medical words

rule #1

A

A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel

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25
Q

Building medical words

Rule #2

A

A combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant

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26
Q

Building medical words

Rule #3

A

A combining form links one root to another root to form a compound word

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27
Q

centesis

A

surgical puncture

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28
Q

clasis

A

surgical fracture

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29
Q

desis

A

binding fixation

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30
Q

ectomy

A

excision

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31
Q

lysis

A

loosening

separation

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32
Q

pexy

A

fixation

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33
Q

plasty

A

surgical repair

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34
Q

rraphy

A

suture

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35
Q

stomy

A

forming an opening

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36
Q

tome

A

instrument to cut

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37
Q

tomy

A

incision

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38
Q

tripsy

A

crushing

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39
Q

algia

A

pain

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40
Q

cele

A

herniations

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41
Q

ectasis

A

dialation

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42
Q

emia

A

blood conditiona

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43
Q

genesis

A

producing

forming

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44
Q

iasis

A

abnormal condition

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45
Q

malacia

A

softening

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46
Q

megaly

A

enlargement

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47
Q

oma

A

tumor

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48
Q

osis

A

abnormal condition

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49
Q

pathy

A

disease

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50
Q

penia

A

deficiency

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51
Q

phagia

A

difficulty

pain

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52
Q

phasia

A

speech

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53
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

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54
Q

rrhage

A

bursting forth

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55
Q

rrhea

A

discharge

flow

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56
Q

rrhexis

A

rupture

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57
Q

spasm

A

twitching

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58
Q

nephro

A

kidney

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59
Q

hepat

A

liver

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60
Q

dystocia

A

difficult childbirth

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61
Q

homeoplasia

A

formation of the same tissue

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62
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

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63
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

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64
Q

lumbar

A

part of the spine known as loin

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65
Q

proximal

A

near the center

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66
Q

thoracic

A

ventral cavity that contains heart,lungs,associated structures

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67
Q

-gnosis

A

knowing

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68
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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69
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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70
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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71
Q

eti/o

A

cause

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72
Q

ad-

A

toward

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73
Q

cytolysis

A

destruction of the cell

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74
Q

diagnosis

A

knowing through (exam)

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75
Q

cirrhosis

A

abnormal condition of yellow

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76
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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77
Q

sign

A

objective indicator of disease

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78
Q

symptom

A

subjective indicator of disease

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79
Q

mycosis

A

fungal infection in or on the body

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80
Q

CBC

A

broad screening blood test panel for anemias, infections, and other diseases

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81
Q

endoscopy

A

visual exam of a cavity or canal using lighted instrument

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82
Q

fluoroscopy

A

directs x-rays to a fluorescent screen and displays live images

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83
Q

Dx

A

establishing the nature and cause of disease

diagnosis

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84
Q

Revision

A

Surgery to compensate or correct previous surgery

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85
Q

Anastomosis

A

surgical joining of 2 ducts, vessels, bowel segments

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86
Q

Resection

A

removal of part or all of a structure

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87
Q

Computed tomography

A

Imaging procedure that generates cross-sectional images

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88
Q

adip/o, lip/o

A

fat

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89
Q

oid

A

resembling

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90
Q

mycosis

A

abnormal condition

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91
Q

onych/o

A

nail

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92
Q

osis

A

abnormal condition

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93
Q

onychocryptosis

A

abnormal condition of a hidden (ingrown) nail

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94
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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95
Q

pyo

A

pus

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96
Q

an

A

without

not

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97
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin

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98
Q

TO

A

no evidence of primary tumor

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99
Q

Malignant

A

cancerous

may be life threatening

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100
Q

1st degree burn

A

burn that heals without scar formation

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101
Q

Grading

A

determines degree of abnormal cancer cells compared with normal cells

102
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

develops from keratinizing epidermal cells

103
Q

benign

A

noncancerous

104
Q

TI

A

Primary tumor size, small with minimal invasion

105
Q

MO

A

No evidence of metastasis

106
Q

3rd degree burn

A

extensive damage to underlying connective tissue

107
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

108
Q

vitiligo

A

skin depigmentation with milk white patches

109
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin infection (ringworm)

110
Q

scabies

A

contagious skin disease transmitted by itch mite

111
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial skin infection with pustules that become crusted and rupture

112
Q

urticaria

A

allergic reaction of the skin

characterized by elevated red patches called hives

113
Q

Chlosma

A

hyperpigmentation of the skin

characterized by yellow brown patches or spots

114
Q

Ecchymosis

A

hemorrhagic spot or bruise on the skin

115
Q

Petechiae

A

minute or small hemorrhagic spots on the skin

116
Q

Abscess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

117
Q

Eschar

A

damaged tissue following a severe burn

118
Q

Puritis

A

intense itching

119
Q

Verruca

A

epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart)

120
Q

Antifungals

A

tx athletes foot

onychomycosis

121
Q

Fulguration

A

tissue destruction by high frequency electrical current

122
Q

Corticosteroids

A

decrease inflammation or itching

123
Q

Dermabrasion

A

wire brushes or abrasive materials to remove scars, tattoos, or fine wrinkles

124
Q

parasiticides

A

agents that kill parasitic skin infestations

125
Q

Keratolytics

A

Soften the outer layer of skin so it sloughs off

126
Q

Intradermal test

A

extracts of suspected allergens injected subcutaneously

127
Q

Patch test

A

Allergens are applied topically

128
Q

xenograft

A

skin graft taken from another species (usually pig) to a human

129
Q

Onocologist

A

physician who specializes in tumors

130
Q

pruritic

A

itchy

131
Q

Chemotherapy

A

using chemicals

132
Q

Erythmatous

A

Reddened

133
Q

Seb/o

A

sebum

134
Q

ic

A

pertaining to

135
Q

an/o

A

without

136
Q

colon/o

A

colon

137
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

138
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

139
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

140
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

141
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

142
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

143
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

salivary gland

144
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

145
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

146
Q

proct/o

A

anus

rectum

147
Q

chol/e

A

bile

gall

148
Q

cachexia

A

state of ill health
malnutrition
wasting

149
Q

Crohn disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum

150
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

151
Q

flatus

A

gas

152
Q

halitosis

A

foul-smelling breath

153
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting bloodq

154
Q

leukoplakia

A

formation of white patches on the mucous membrane of the cheek

155
Q

lesion

A

open sore

156
Q

obstipation

A

intractable constipation

157
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces

158
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical formation of a passage or opening between 2 hollow viscera or vessels

159
Q

antacids

A

neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relieve gastritis and ulcer pain

160
Q

antiemetics

A

agents that control nausea and vomiting

161
Q

antispasomodics

A

agents that alleviate muscle spasms

162
Q

bariatric

A

surgery that treats morbid obesity

163
Q

choledochoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the bile duct

164
Q

emetics

A

agents that produce vomiting

165
Q

ESWL

A

procedure in which shock waves are used to break up calculi in the biliary sucts

166
Q

intubation

A

insertion of a tube into any hollow organ

167
Q

laxatives

A

used to treat constipation

168
Q

liver function test

A

measures the levels of certain enzymes

169
Q

lower GI series

A

administration of a barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the colon

170
Q

MRCP

A

procedure to visualize biliary and pancreatic ducts by using magnetic resonance imaging

171
Q

Proctosigmoidoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon

172
Q

stat

A

immediately

173
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms present in feces

174
Q

stool guaiac

A

detects presence of blood in the feces; also called hemoccult

175
Q

upper GI series

A

radiographic imaging of the esophagus, duodenum, and stomach after ingestion of barium

176
Q

gastric reflux

A

regurgitation of stomach acids

177
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlarged liver

178
Q

hiatal hernia

A

part of the stomach herniating up through the opening of the diaphragm

179
Q

sclerae

A

whites of the eyes

180
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

181
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

182
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

183
Q

pneumon/o

A

air

lung

184
Q

-capnia

A

carbon dioxide

185
Q

-phonia

A

voice

186
Q

pnea

A

breathing

187
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless lung

188
Q

deviated septum

A

displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils

189
Q

emphysema

A

disease characterized by a decrease in alveolar elasticity

190
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

nasal hemorrhage

191
Q

exudate

A

inflammatory fluid high in protein with blood and immune cells

192
Q

ptysis

A

spitting

193
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

194
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane

195
Q

coni/o

A

dust

196
Q

surfactant

A

phospholipid that allows the lungs to expand with ease

197
Q

transudate

A

noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein

198
Q

tubercles

A

granulomas associated with tuberculosis

199
Q

ABGs

A

lab test to assess gases and pH of arterial blood

200
Q

aerosol therapy

A

inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer

201
Q

AFB

A

TB organism

202
Q

antihistamine

A

relieves sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes

203
Q

antitussive

A

relieves or suppresses coughing

204
Q

antral lavage

A

washing or irrigating sinuses

205
Q

CXR

A

imaging procedure to evaluate lungs

206
Q

decongestant

A

decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels

207
Q

expectorant

A

reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing

208
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual exam of the voice box to detect tumors and other abnormalities

209
Q

oximetry

A

Noninvasive test used to monitor the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

210
Q

sputum culture

A

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract

211
Q

sweat test

A

used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis

212
Q

throat culture

A

used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

213
Q

cephalodynia

A

headache

214
Q

coryza

A

head cold

215
Q

T&A

A

removal of the tonsils and adenoids

216
Q

arther/o

A

fatty plaque

217
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

218
Q

therapy

A

treatment

219
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

220
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel

221
Q

angina

A

pain in the chest

222
Q

arrhythmia

A

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm

223
Q

bruit

A

soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation; murmur

224
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of a vessel,especially the aorta

225
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

226
Q

embolism

A

condition in which a mass (usually blood clot) blocks a blood vessel

227
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amounts of lipids in the blood

228
Q

infarction

A

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis

229
Q

insufficiency

A

failure of a valve to close completely

230
Q

ischemia

A

difficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

231
Q

palpation

A

awareness of an irregular heartbeat

232
Q

regurgitation

A

backflow of blood due to valve failure

233
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

234
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of a blood clot developing in a blood vessel

235
Q

varices

A

varicose veins of the esophagus

236
Q

Holter monitor test

A

24 hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system

237
Q

echocardiography

A

US diagnostic test used to visualize internal cariac structures

238
Q

valvotomy

A

incision to increase the size of the opening of the mitral valve

239
Q

nitrates

A

agents used to treat angina

240
Q

statins

A

drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties

241
Q

diuretics

A

increase urine output

used to treat edema, hypertension, and heart failure

242
Q

cardiac enzymes studies

A

Provides levels of troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase in the blood

243
Q

doppler

A

untrasound procedure that measures blood flow through the heart and vessels

244
Q

catheter abalation

A

tx of cardiac arrhythmias in which energy is transmitted through a catheter to remove the pathway of an abnormal heart rhythm

245
Q

commissurotomy

A

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

246
Q

ICD insertion

A

implanting of a device that corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation

247
Q

stent placement

A

insertion of a device that holds open tubular structures

248
Q

CABG

A

surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

249
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of occluding material from the interior of an artery

250
Q

PTCA

A

dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter passed through the skin

251
Q

thrombolysis

A

destruction of a blood clot

252
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pains

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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