Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

filtrate

A

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Electrolyte

A

Mineral salt that carries an electrical charge when in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Product of protein metabolism that include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peristaltic wave

A

Sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pH

A

Symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogenous compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

kal/i

A

potassium (an electrolyte)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

keton/o

A

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lith/o

A

stone

calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

meat/o

A

opening

meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

noct/o

A

night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

py/o

A

PUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ur/o

A

urine

urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-genesis

A

forming
producing
origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-uria

A

urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dia-

A

through

across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

retro-

A

backward

behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

anuria

A

Absence of urine production or output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bladder neck obstruction

A

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cystocele

A

Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman’s bladder and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

hydronephrosis

A

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

interstitial cystitis (IC)

A

Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

Loss of large amounts of plasma protein,usually albumin, through urnine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

Impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Urgency

A

sensation of the need to void immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

A

Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

dialysis

A

Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when kidneys fail to function properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hemodialysis

A

Type of dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters the blood, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patients bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

Type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

kidney transplant

A

Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

nephropexy

A

fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

nephrostomy

A

the passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

stent placement

A

insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

ureteral stent placement

A

Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

urethrotomy

A

Incision of the urethral stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

electromyography

A

Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

cystoscopy (cysto)

A

Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Ultrasonography (US)

A

High-frequency waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure

59
Q

bladder US

A

US produces images of the bladder to measure pre- and postvoid residual urine, thus determining bladder volume and, potentially, identifying incomplete bladder emptying

60
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium

61
Q

nuclear scan

A

Technique in which a radiopharmaceutical called a tracer is introduced into the body and a specialized camera is used to produce images of organs and structures

62
Q

ATN

A

acute tubular necrosis

63
Q

BNO

A

bladder neck obstruction

64
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

65
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

66
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

67
Q

EBT

A

external beam therapy

68
Q

EMG

A

electroyogram

electromyography

69
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

70
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

71
Q

EU

A

excretory urography

72
Q

IC

A

interstitial cystitis

73
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

intravenous pyelography

74
Q

pH

A

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity

75
Q

PCNL

A

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

76
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

77
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

retrograde pyelography

78
Q

TURBT

A

transurethral resection of bladder tumore

79
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

80
Q

US

A

ultrasound

ultrasonography

81
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

82
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrography

83
Q

VUR

A

vesicoureteral reflux

84
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

85
Q

lithogenesis

A

forming (producing) stones

86
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

87
Q

anuna

A

without (producing) urine

88
Q

glomerulosclerosis

A

hardening of the glomerulus

89
Q

cytoscopy

A

process of examining the bladder

90
Q

dialysis

A

separation across (a membrane)

91
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

92
Q

polyuria

A

(producing) much urine

93
Q

ureterectasis

A

dilation of the ureters

94
Q

meatotome

A

instrument to cut (enlarge) the meatus

95
Q

nephrocele

A

hernia of the kidney

96
Q

lithotripsy

A

crusting of a stone

97
Q

cystogram

A

(x-ray) record of the bladder

98
Q

nephrolith

A

stone in the kidney

99
Q

nephropyosis, pyonephrosis

A

abnormal condition of pus in the kidney

100
Q

hydronephrosis, nephrohydrosis

A

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

101
Q

pyelography

A

process of recording the renal pelvis

102
Q

pyelopathy

A

disease of the renal pelvis

103
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

104
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

105
Q

ureterectasis, ureterectasia

A

dilation of a ureter

106
Q

ureterolith

A

calculus in a ureter

107
Q

ureteralgia

A

pain the ureters

108
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

109
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

110
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument to view the bladder

111
Q

paralysis of the bladder

A

cystoplegia

112
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

113
Q

vesicocele

A

herniation of the bladder

114
Q

vesicourethral

A

pertaining to the bladder and urethra

115
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

116
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowign of stricture of the urethra

117
Q

urethrotome

A

instrument used to incise the urethra

118
Q

ur/o

A

urine

urinary tract

119
Q

-uria

A

dysuria

120
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine

121
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

122
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of the ureters

123
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the bladder

124
Q

urethrorrhaphy

A

suture of the urethra

125
Q

pyelostomy

A

forming a mouth in the renal pelvis

126
Q

cystopexy

A

fixation of the bladder

127
Q

urgency

A

need to void immediately

128
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from a a hollow to the surface or between organs

129
Q

azotemia

A

nitrogenous wastes in blodo

130
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of kidneys and calices, usually due to reflux

131
Q

urolithiasis

A

presence of a stone in any part of the urinary tract

132
Q

hesitancy

A

difficulty in starting urination

133
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

134
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine

135
Q

polycystic

A

kidney disease characterized by presence of fluid-filed sacs

136
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve control

137
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

loss of plasma protein due to increased permeability of the glomerulus

138
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

139
Q

wilms tumore

A

rapidly developing a malignant neoplasm of the kidney

140
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of stones in the kidneys

141
Q

nephropexy

A

fixation of a floating kidney

142
Q

electromyography

A

measures that contraction of urinary muscles

143
Q

cycstoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary bladder

144
Q

antibiotics

A

drugs that inhibit or kill bacterial microorganisms

145
Q

diurectics

A

drugs used to promote the excretion of urine

146
Q

renal nuclear scan

A

use of a tracer to produce images of the kidney

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions