Chapter 11 Flashcards
0
Q
filtrate
A
fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule
1
Q
Electrolyte
A
Mineral salt that carries an electrical charge when in solution
2
Q
Nitrogenous waste
A
Product of protein metabolism that include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia
3
Q
Peristaltic wave
A
Sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow
4
Q
peritoneum
A
serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity
5
Q
pH
A
Symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution
6
Q
plasma
A
Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes
7
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin
protein
8
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogenous compounds
9
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria
10
Q
cyst/o, vesic/o
A
bladder
11
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
12
Q
kal/i
A
potassium (an electrolyte)
13
Q
keton/o
A
ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
14
Q
lith/o
A
stone
calculus
15
Q
meat/o
A
opening
meatus
16
Q
nephr/o, ren/o
A
kidney
17
Q
noct/o
A
night
18
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
19
Q
py/o
A
PUS
20
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
21
Q
ur/o
A
urine
urinary tract
22
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
23
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
24
-genesis
forming
producing
origin
25
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
26
-uria
urine
27
dia-
through
| across
28
retro-
backward
| behind
29
anuria
Absence of urine production or output
30
bladder neck obstruction
blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
31
cystocele
Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina
32
dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
33
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
34
enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine
35
fistula
abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
36
hydronephrosis
Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
37
interstitial cystitis (IC)
Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
38
nephrotic syndrome
Loss of large amounts of plasma protein,usually albumin, through urnine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
39
Neurogenic bladder
Impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction
40
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
41
Urgency
sensation of the need to void immediately
42
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
43
Wilms tumor
Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children
44
dialysis
Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when kidneys fail to function properly
45
hemodialysis
Type of dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters the blood, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patients bloodstream
46
peritoneal dialysis
Type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
47
kidney transplant
Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor
48
nephropexy
fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
49
nephrostomy
the passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
50
stent placement
insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction
51
ureteral stent placement
Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
52
urethrotomy
Incision of the urethral stricture
53
electromyography
Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
54
cystoscopy (cysto)
Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope
55
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism
56
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
57
urinalysis (UA)
Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
58
Ultrasonography (US)
High-frequency waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
59
bladder US
US produces images of the bladder to measure pre- and postvoid residual urine, thus determining bladder volume and, potentially, identifying incomplete bladder emptying
60
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium
61
nuclear scan
Technique in which a radiopharmaceutical called a tracer is introduced into the body and a specialized camera is used to produce images of organs and structures
62
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
63
BNO
bladder neck obstruction
64
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
65
C&S
culture and sensitivity
66
cysto
cystoscopy
67
EBT
external beam therapy
68
EMG
electroyogram
| electromyography
69
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
70
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
71
EU
excretory urography
72
IC
interstitial cystitis
73
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
| intravenous pyelography
74
pH
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
75
PCNL
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
76
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
77
RP
retrograde pyelogram
| retrograde pyelography
78
TURBT
transurethral resection of bladder tumore
79
UA
urinalysis
80
US
ultrasound
| ultrasonography
81
UTI
urinary tract infection
82
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
83
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux
84
nephropathy
disease of the kidney
85
lithogenesis
forming (producing) stones
86
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
87
anuna
without (producing) urine
88
glomerulosclerosis
hardening of the glomerulus
89
cytoscopy
process of examining the bladder
90
dialysis
separation across (a membrane)
91
hematuria
blood in the urine
92
polyuria
(producing) much urine
93
ureterectasis
dilation of the ureters
94
meatotome
instrument to cut (enlarge) the meatus
95
nephrocele
hernia of the kidney
96
lithotripsy
crusting of a stone
97
cystogram
(x-ray) record of the bladder
98
nephrolith
stone in the kidney
99
nephropyosis, pyonephrosis
abnormal condition of pus in the kidney
100
hydronephrosis, nephrohydrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
101
pyelography
process of recording the renal pelvis
102
pyelopathy
disease of the renal pelvis
103
pyel/o
renal pelvis
104
ureter/o
ureter
105
ureterectasis, ureterectasia
dilation of a ureter
106
ureterolith
calculus in a ureter
107
ureteralgia
pain the ureters
108
cyst/o
bladder
109
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
110
cystoscope
instrument to view the bladder
111
paralysis of the bladder
cystoplegia
112
vesic/o
bladder
113
vesicocele
herniation of the bladder
114
vesicourethral
pertaining to the bladder and urethra
115
urethr/o
urethra
116
urethrostenosis
narrowign of stricture of the urethra
117
urethrotome
instrument used to incise the urethra
118
ur/o
urine
| urinary tract
119
-uria
dysuria
120
oliguria
scanty urine
121
pyuria
pus in the urine
122
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of the ureters
123
cystectomy
excision of the bladder
124
urethrorrhaphy
suture of the urethra
125
pyelostomy
forming a mouth in the renal pelvis
126
cystopexy
fixation of the bladder
127
urgency
need to void immediately
128
fistula
abnormal passage from a a hollow to the surface or between organs
129
azotemia
nitrogenous wastes in blodo
130
hydronephrosis
dilation of kidneys and calices, usually due to reflux
131
urolithiasis
presence of a stone in any part of the urinary tract
132
hesitancy
difficulty in starting urination
133
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
134
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
135
polycystic
kidney disease characterized by presence of fluid-filed sacs
136
neurogenic bladder
impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve control
137
nephrotic syndrome
loss of plasma protein due to increased permeability of the glomerulus
138
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
139
wilms tumore
rapidly developing a malignant neoplasm of the kidney
140
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidneys
141
nephropexy
fixation of a floating kidney
142
electromyography
measures that contraction of urinary muscles
143
cycstoscopy
visual examination of the urinary bladder
144
antibiotics
drugs that inhibit or kill bacterial microorganisms
145
diurectics
drugs used to promote the excretion of urine
146
renal nuclear scan
use of a tracer to produce images of the kidney
