Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

efferent

A

carry or move away from a central structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

afferent

A

carry or move inward toward a central structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventricle

A

organ chamber or cavity that recieves or holds fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion

knot or knotlike mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gli/o

A

glue

neuroglial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lept/o

A

thin

slender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lex/o

A

word

phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges

membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

narc/o

A

stupor
numbness
sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sthen/o

A

strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

thec/o

A

sheath

usually refers to meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ton/o

A

tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

of the heart or brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-algesia, -algia

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

debility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-phasia

A

speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

-taxia

A

order

coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pachy-

A

thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

para-

A

near
beside
beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

syn-

A

union
together
joined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

uni-

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

asthenia

A

weakness
disability
or loss of strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

closed head trauma

A

Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

coma

A

abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

concussion

A

injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of trauma to the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

convulsion

A

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit including memory impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

dyslexia

A

inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

herpes zoster

A

acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face
also called shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

huntington chorea

A

inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

acquired hydrocephalus

A

develops at birth or any time afterward as a result of injury or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

congenital hydrocephalus

A

caused by factors that occur during fetal development or as a result of genetic abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing

50
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord) which fails to close during fetal development
also called neural tube defect

51
Q

meningocele spina bifida

A

the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

52
Q

myelomeningocele spina bifida

A

most severe form in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

53
Q

occulta spina bifida

A

form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin

54
Q

palsy

A

paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor

55
Q

Bell palsy

A

facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve

56
Q

cerebral palsy

A

type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and sometimes speech and learning ability

57
Q

paralysis

A

loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation

58
Q

hemiplegia paralysis

A

paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke
also called unilateral paralysis

59
Q

paraplegia paralysis

A

paralysis of both lower limbs

typically as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord

60
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of both arms and legs

commonly resulting in bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction

61
Q

paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity

62
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity an paralysis

63
Q

reye syndrome

A

acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and, possibly, the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes

64
Q

syncope

A

brief loss of consciousness and posture caused by temporay decrease of blood flow to the brain
also called fainting

65
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses

66
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess muscular disease or nerve damage

67
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected
also called a spinal puncture and spinal tap

68
Q

nerve conduction velocity

A

test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

69
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it

70
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

A

precisely focused (stereotactic radiation beams are used to treat tumors and other abnormal growths in the brain, spinal column and other body sites, and delivers high doses of radiation to the tumor with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue

71
Q

thalamotomy

A

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, including tremors in Parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances

72
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord

73
Q

trephination

A

technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

74
Q

ventriculoperitoneal shunting

A

relieves intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus by diverting (shunting) excess cerebrospinal fluid from teh ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity

75
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

A

lab test to examine a sample of fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

76
Q

angiography

A 
radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
also called arteriography
77
Q

computed tomography angiography (CTA)

A

angiography in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution three-dimensional vascular images of the blood vessels

78
Q

discography

A

CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with teh spine and spinal nerve root

79
Q

echoencephalography

A

Ultrasound technique used to study intracranial structures of the brain and diagnose conditions that cause a shift in the midline structures of the brain

80
Q

magnetic source imaging (MSI)

A

Noninvasive neuroimaging technique to pinpoint the specific location where seizure activity originates and enable custom surgical treatment for tumor and epileptic tissue resection
also called MEG

81
Q

Myelography

A

radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium

82
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

computed tomography that records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease

83
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease

84
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

85
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

86
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

87
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

88
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

89
Q

CTA

A

computed tomography angiography

90
Q

CVA

A

cerevrovascular accident

91
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

92
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

93
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

94
Q

LOC

A

loss of consciousness

95
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

96
Q

MEG

A

magnetoencephalography

97
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

98
Q

MS

A

musculoskeletal
multiple sclerosis
mental status
mitral stenosis

99
Q

MSI

A

magnetic source imaging

100
Q

NCV

A

nerve conduction velocity

101
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

102
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

103
Q

SRS

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

104
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

105
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

106
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

107
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

108
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

109
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

110
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

skull

111
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

112
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

spinal cord

113
Q

psych/o

A

mind

114
Q

clonic

A

phase of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body

115
Q

autism

A

mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy

116
Q

NCV

A

tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

117
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue

118
Q

TIA

A

stroke whose symptoms resolve in about 24 hours

119
Q

thalamotomy

A

surgical treatment for intractable pain

involuntary movements, including tremors in parkinson disease or emotional disturbances

120
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord

121
Q

trephination

A

incision of a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

122
Q

sciatica

A

pain that radiates down the nerve

123
Q

osteophyte

A

bone spur

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions