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Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

acuity

A

clearness or sharpness of a sensory function

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1
Q

accommodation

A

adjustment of the eye for various distances so that images fall on the retina of the eye

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2
Q

adnexa

A

tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure

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3
Q

humor

A

any fluid or semifluid of the body

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4
Q

labyrinth

A

series of intricate communicating passages

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5
Q

opaque

A

substance or surface that neither transmits nor allows the passage of light

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6
Q

perilymph

A

fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but found in the cochlea

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7
Q

photopigment

A

light sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorbs light and initiates the visual process
also called visual pigment

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8
Q

refractive

A

ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another

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9
Q

tunic

A

layer or coat of tissue

also called membrane layer

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10
Q

ambly/o

A

dull

dim

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11
Q

aque/o

A

water

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12
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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13
Q

choroid/o

A

choroid

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14
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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15
Q

core/o, pupill/o

A

pupil

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16
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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17
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body of the eye
circular
cycle

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18
Q

dacry/o, lacrim/o

A

tear
lacrimal apparatus
duct, sac, gland

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19
Q

dacryocyst/o

A

lacrimal sac

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20
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

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21
Q

goni/o

A

angle

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22
Q

irid/o

A

iris

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23
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue
hard
cornea

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24
Q

ocul/o, ophthalm/o

A

eye

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25
Q

opt/o, optic/o

A

eye

vision

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26
Q

phac/o

A

lens

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27
Q

phot/o

A

light

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28
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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29
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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30
Q

scler/o

A

hardening sclera (white of the eye)

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31
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

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32
Q

vitr/o

A

vitreous body

of the eye

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33
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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34
Q

labyrinth//o

A

labyrinth

inner ear

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35
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process

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36
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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37
Q

salping/o

A

tubes

usually fallopian or eustachian auditory tubes

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38
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

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39
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane

eardrum

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40
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane

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41
Q

-acusia, -cusis

A

hearing

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42
Q

-opia, -opsia

A

vision

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43
Q

-tropia

A

turning

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44
Q

exo-

A

outside

outward

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45
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

above normal

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46
Q

achromatopsia

A

severe congenital deficiency in color perception

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47
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid

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48
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion that produces a red or pink eye and may be secondary to allergy or viral, bacterial, or fungal infections

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49
Q

ectropion

A

Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid

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50
Q

entropion

A

Inversion, or inward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid

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51
Q

epiphora

A

abnormal overflow of tears

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52
Q

hrodeolum

A

localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection
also called stye

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53
Q

metamorphopsia

A

visual distortion of objects

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54
Q

nyctalopia

A

impaired vision in dim light

night blindness

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55
Q

nystagmus

A

type of involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision

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56
Q

papilledema

A

swelling and hyperemia of the optic disc, usually associated with increased intracranial pressure
choked disc

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57
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

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58
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process

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59
Q

retinopathy

A

any disorder of retinal blood vessels

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60
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

disorder that occurs in patients with diabetes and manifests as small hemorrhages, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leading to scarring and eventual loss of vision

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61
Q

trachoma

A

chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that typically leads to blindness

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62
Q

anacusis

A

complete deafness

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63
Q

conduction impairment

A

blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear
conduction pathway

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64
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process

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65
Q

Meniere disease

A

disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing

66
Q

noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)

A

condition caused by the destruction of hair cels, the organs responsible for hearing, as a result of sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”

67
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of the external auditory canal

68
Q

presbyacusis

A

impairment of hearing resulting from old age

69
Q

tinnitus

A

perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present

70
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of a spinning motion either of oneself or of the surroundings

71
Q

ear irrigation

A

flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)

72
Q

slit-lamp examination (SLE)

A

stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail, which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera, and vitreous humor

73
Q

blepharoplasty

A

cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun

74
Q

pressure-equalizing (PE) tube placement

A

insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis media

75
Q

cochlear implant insertion

A

placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear

76
Q

cyclodialysis

A

formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma

77
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the eyeball from the orbit

78
Q

evisceration

A

removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact

79
Q

mastoid antrotomy

A

surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process

80
Q

otoplasty

A

corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna

81
Q

phacoemulsification

A

method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate cloudy lens, which is the n aspirated and removed

82
Q

radial keratotomy (RK)

A

incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism

83
Q

sclerostomy

A

surgical formation of an opening in the sclera

84
Q

tympanoplasty

A

reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation

85
Q

audiometry

A

measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies

86
Q

caloric stimulation test

A

test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear (acoustic nerve) to determine if nerve damage is the case of vertigl

87
Q

electronstagmography

A

method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles

88
Q

gonioscopy

A

examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma

89
Q

ophthalmodynamometry

A

measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels

90
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual exam of the interior of the eye using a handheld instrument called an ophthalmoscope which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and light source to illuminate the interior of the eye

91
Q

otoscopy

A

visual exam of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

92
Q

pneumatic otoscopy

A

procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to change in air pressure

93
Q

retinoscopy

A

evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays

94
Q

tonometry

A

evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

95
Q

turning fork test

A

evaluation of sound conduction using a vibrating turning fork

96
Q

Rinne turning fork test

A

evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound

97
Q

Weber turning fork test

A

evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

98
Q

visual acuity (VA) test

A

part of an eye exam that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet

99
Q

dacryocystography

A

radiograhic imaging procedure of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts

100
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

evaluation of blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained

101
Q

Acc

A

accommodation

102
Q

ARMD, AMD

A

age-related mascular degeneration

103
Q

Ast

A

astigmatism

104
Q

ENG

A

electronystagmography

105
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

106
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

107
Q

LASIK

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

108
Q

AC

A

air conduction

109
Q

BC

A

bone conduction

110
Q

ENT

A

ear
nose
throat

111
Q

NIHL

A

noise-induced hearing loss

112
Q

O.D.

A

doctor of optometry

113
Q

RK

A

radial keratotomy

114
Q

SLE

A

slit-lamp examination

systemic lupus erythematosus

115
Q

ST

A

esotropia

116
Q

VA

A

visual acutiy

117
Q

VF

A

visual field

118
Q

XT

A

exotropia

119
Q

OM

A

otitis media

120
Q

PE

A

physical examination
pulmonary embolism
pressure-equalizing (tube)

121
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

122
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

123
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

124
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

125
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

126
Q

irid/o

A

iris

127
Q

retin/o

A

retina

128
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

129
Q

ot/o

A

ear

130
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

131
Q

-opia

A

vision

132
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

133
Q

cataract

A

opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision

134
Q

achromatopsia

A

severe congenital form of color blindness

135
Q

presbyacusis

A

impaired hearing due to old age

136
Q

anacusis

A

complete deafness

137
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of the external auditory canal

138
Q

otosclerosis

A

ankylosis of the middle ear bones resulting in hearing loss

139
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear infection commonly found in infants and children

140
Q

otopyorrhea

A

discharge of pus from the ear

141
Q

vertigo

A

feeling of dizziness

142
Q

exotropia

A

outward deviation of the eye

143
Q

drusen

A

small, yellowish deposits that develop on macula in age related macular degeneration

144
Q

chalazion

A

tumor of the eyelid similar to a sebaceous cyst

145
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy eye syndrome

146
Q

retinoblastoma

A

neoplastic disease of the eye found primarily in children

147
Q

tinnitus

A

perception of ringing in the ears with no external stimuli

148
Q

caloric stimulation

A

test that uses different temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve

149
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual exam of the interior of the eye

150
Q

cochlear implant

A

artificial device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear

151
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

assesses blood vessels and retinal circulation using a colored dye while photographs are taken

152
Q

mydriatics

A

agents that dilate the pupils and paralyze the eye muscles of accommodation

153
Q

evisceration

A

removal of the contents of the eyeball leaving the sclera and cornea

154
Q

antimetics

A

treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo

155
Q

ST

A

esotropia

156
Q

XT

A

exotropia

157
Q

gonioscopy

A

visual exam of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

158
Q

radial keratotomy

A

surgical treatment for nearsightedness that uses small incisions to flatten the cornea

159
Q

otic analgesics

A

provide temporary relief from earache

160
Q

tonometry

A

pressure measurement

161
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

162
Q

trabeculoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trabecula

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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