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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

gestation

A

length of time from conception to birth

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1
Q

external genitalia

A

sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body

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2
Q

lactation

A

Production and release of milk by mammary glands

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3
Q

orifice

A

mouth; entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure

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4
Q

Menstral

A

Days 1-5`

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5
Q

Ovulation

A

Days 6-14

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6
Q

Postovulatory

A

Days 15-28

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7
Q

amni/o

A

amnion (amniotic sac)

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8
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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9
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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10
Q

galact/o, lact/o

A

milk

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11
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

female

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12
Q

hyster/o, metri/o, uter/o

A

uterus (womb)

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13
Q

mamm/o, mast/o

A

breast

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14
Q

men/o

A

menses

menstruation

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15
Q

metr/o

A

uterus (womb)

measure

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16
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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17
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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18
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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19
Q

salping/o

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian)

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20
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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21
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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22
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant woman

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23
Q

-para

A

to bear (off spring)

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24
Q

-salpinx

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian)

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25
Q

-tocia

A

childbirth

labor

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26
Q

-version

A

turning

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27
Q

ante-

A

before

in front of

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28
Q

dys-

A

bad
painful
difficult

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29
Q

endo-

A

in

within

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30
Q

multi-

A

many

much

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31
Q

primi-

A

first

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32
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

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33
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy

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34
Q

dyspareunia

A

occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

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35
Q

enodocervicitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

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36
Q

retroversion

A

Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ such as the uterus being tipped form its normal position

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37
Q

uterine fibroids

A

benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus

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38
Q

sterility

A

Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

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39
Q

abortion

A

termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus

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40
Q

abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor

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41
Q

breech presentation

A

common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

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42
Q

Down syndrome

A

Genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 and occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 which causes delays in the way a child develops mentally and physically

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43
Q

eclampsia

A

most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

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44
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity

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45
Q

placenta previa

A

Obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates

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46
Q

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A

small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

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47
Q

cerclage

A

suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion

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48
Q

cesarean section

A

Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus

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49
Q

colpocleisis

A

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal

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50
Q

conization

A

Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination

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51
Q

cordocentesis

A

sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance

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52
Q

cryosurgery

A

Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells

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53
Q

dilatation and curettage (D&C)

A

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and acraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

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54
Q

hysterectomy

A

Excision of the uterus

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55
Q

subtotal hysterectomy

A

Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain

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56
Q

total hysterectomy

A

Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed by the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain

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57
Q

total plus bilateral hysterectomy

A

Total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

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58
Q

laparoscopy

A

Visual exam of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

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59
Q

lumpectomy

A

excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

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60
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position

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61
Q

augmentation

A

insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle

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62
Q

reduction

A

breast reduction to reduce the size of large, pendulous breast

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63
Q

mastectomy

A

excision of the entire breast

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64
Q

total mastectomy

A

excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin

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65
Q

modified radical

A

excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in teh underarm

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66
Q

radical

A

excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast

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67
Q

reconstructive breast surgery

A

creation of a breast shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease

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68
Q

tissue (skin) expansion

A

Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle and saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant

69
Q

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping the abdominal tissue (flap) into a natural looking breast and suturing it into place

70
Q

tubal ligation

A

procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

71
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (position is verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

72
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument

73
Q

insufflation

A

delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove obstruction, or apply medication

74
Q

tubal insufflation

A

test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide

75
Q

pelvimetry

A

Measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery

76
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

77
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

78
Q

papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

79
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

radiography and usually fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium

80
Q

mammography

A

radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer

81
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

use of high frequency sound waves directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure

82
Q

transvaginal US

A

US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis

83
Q

AB, Ab, ab

A

antibody

abortion

84
Q

CA

A

cancer
chronological age
cardiac arrest

85
Q

D&C

A

dilatation and curettage

86
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleedign

87
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

88
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

89
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

90
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpingography

91
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

92
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

93
Q

CS, C-section

A

cesarean section

94
Q

FECG, FEKG

A

fetal electrocardiogram

95
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

96
Q

LSO

A

left salpingo-oophrectomy

97
Q

OCPs

A

oral contraceptive pills

98
Q

Pap

A

papanicolaou (test)

99
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

100
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

101
Q

TRAM

A

transverse rectus abdominis muscle (flap)

102
Q

US

A

ultrasound

ultrasonography

103
Q

IVF-ET

A

in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

104
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

105
Q

para 1,2,3 and so on

A

unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable birhs)

106
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina

107
Q

prenatal

A

pertaining to (the time) before birth

108
Q

dystocia

A

difficult childbirth

109
Q

hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of the uterus

110
Q

oophoroma

A

tumor of the ovary

111
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

112
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the amnion (amniotic sac)

113
Q

perineorrhaphy

A

suture of the perineum

114
Q

salpingoplasty

A

surgical repair of a fallopian tube

115
Q

primigravida

A

pregnant woman (for the) first (time)

116
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

117
Q

hemosalpinx

A

blood in the fallopian tube

118
Q

multipara

A

to bear many (offspring)

119
Q

menarche

A

beginning of menses or menstruation

120
Q

galactopoiesis

A

formation or production of milk

121
Q

gynecopathy

A

disease (specific to) women

122
Q

gynecologist

A

physician who specializes in diseases of the female

123
Q

cervicovaginitis

A

inflammation of the cervix uteri and vagina

124
Q

cervicovesical

A

pertaining to the cervix uteri and bladder

125
Q

colposcope

A

instrument used to examine the vagina

126
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina

127
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

128
Q

vaginocele

A

herniation of the vagina

129
Q

hystomyoma

A

myoma of the uterus

130
Q

hysteropathy

A

disease of the uterus

131
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

radiography of the uterus and oviducts

132
Q

metrorrhagia

A

hemorrhage form teh uterus

133
Q

parametritis

A

inflammation around the uterus

134
Q

uterocele

A

herniation of the uterus

135
Q

uterocele

A

herniation of the uterus

136
Q

uterocervical

A

relating to the uterus and cervix

137
Q

uterovesical

A

pertaining to the uterus and bladder

138
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

139
Q

oophorosalpingitis

A

inflammation of an ovary and oviduct

140
Q

salpingocele

A

herniation of a fallopian tube

141
Q

salpingography

A

radiography of uterine tubes

142
Q

oophoropexy, ovariopexy

A

fixation of (a displaced) ovary

143
Q

hystero-oophorectomy

A

excision of the uterus and ovaries

144
Q

episiorrhaphy, perineorrhaphy

A

suturing the perineum

145
Q

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

A

excision of the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries

146
Q

amniocentesis

A

puncture of the amnion (amniotic sac)

147
Q

pyosalpinx

A

accumulation of pus in a uterine tube

148
Q

primipara

A

woman who has had one pregnancy that has resulted in a viable offspring

149
Q

sterility

A

inability of the female to become pregnant

150
Q

retroversion

A

uterus that is tipped backward from its normal position

151
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence of a normal body opening such as the vagina

152
Q

down syndrome

A

trisomy 21

153
Q

septicemia

A

bacteria in the blood that often occurs with severe infection

154
Q

dyspareunia

A

occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

155
Q

metrorrhagia

A

irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods

156
Q

fibroids

A

benign uterine tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue

157
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstrual flow

158
Q

breech

A

abnormal delivery in which fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

159
Q

eclampsia

A

most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

160
Q

pathogen

A

disease-producing opganism

161
Q

primigravida

A

woman during her first pregnancy

162
Q

antifungals

A

drugs used to treat vaginal yeast infections

163
Q

TAH

A

excision of the uterus, including the cervix, through an abdominal incision

164
Q

tubal ligation

A

tying uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy

165
Q

PID

A

inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures, usually caused by bacterial infection

166
Q

chronic villus sampling

A

test to detect chromosomal abnormalities that can be done earlier than aminocentesis

167
Q

estrogens

A

hormone replacement to reduce adverse symptoms of menopause

168
Q

oxytocins

A

agents used to induce labor and rid the uterus of an unexpelled placenta or fetus that has died

169
Q

cordocentesis

A

sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilicalvein

170
Q

prostaglandins

A

agents used to terminate pregnancy

171
Q

nullipara

A

never giving birth

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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