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Undeleted > Structure of Muscle Tissue X > Flashcards

Structure of Muscle Tissue X Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Fxns

A

Movements
Support
Heat

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2
Q

Muscle Classification

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Striated/Non-Striated
Voluntary/ Non-Voluntrary

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3
Q

Striated Muscle

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

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4
Q

Involuntary Muscle - types, control

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Autonomic Nervous System (vs. Cerebral Cortex)

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5
Q

Muscle levels (Macro->Micro)

A

Muscle -> Muscle Fascicle -> Fiber -> Myofibrils -> Sarcomere -> Actin (thin) & Myosin (thick)

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6
Q

Epimsyium

**

A

dense irregular CT surrounding - all fascicles that constitute a muscle-

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7
Q

Perimysium

**

A

dense irregular CT surrounding - individual fascicles -

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8
Q

Endomysium

**

A

Reticular fibers surround - individual muscle fibers

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9
Q

CT layers on muscle - types, fxn

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium

Conduit for circulatory and nervous supply to muscle

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10
Q

Thin Filaments - COmponents

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin Complex

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11
Q

Tropomyosin

**

A

protein - forms double helical structure lying in the groove of actin helix. Acts with troponin complex to regulate myosin- actin binding

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12
Q

Troponin complex - components/fxns

**

A

TnI - actin binding protein - prevent actin to myosin
TnT - tropomyosin binding protein - troponin complex to actin
TnC - calcium binding protein for contraction

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13
Q

Thick Filaments - components

A

Myosin Heavy Chain
Myosin Light Chain 1
Myosin Light Chain 2

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14
Q

Myosin Heavy Chain - def, fxn

**

A

protein with alpha helical ‘rod’ and globular ‘head’

binds ATP and actin

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15
Q

Myosin Light chain 1 & 2 - fxn

A

phosphorylation helps regulate calcium stimulation of contraction. (smooth muscle)

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16
Q

Sacromere - Components

A 
Z line/disc
I band
A band
H band
M-line
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17
Q

Z line

A

anchor for actin

18
Q

M line

A

center of sacromere

anchor for myosin

19
Q

I band

A

thin filaments NOT overlapping with thick filaments

light staining

20
Q

A band

A

length Myosin
thick filament and overlapping thin filaments
dark staining

21
Q

H band

A

thick filament NOT overlapped by thin filaments

straddles center

22
Q

Effect of Contraction on sacromere components

A

I and H bands shorten
Z lines move together (towards M center)
A DOES NOT change

23
Q

Transverse Tubeles - def., fxn

***

A

Tubular invagination of the muscle cell plasma membrane closely aligned with cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tuble allows for changes in membrane electrical potentials to reach SR (a Ca2+ reservoir) thereby regulating calium concnetration anf nuscle contraction

24
Q

Triad

**

A

triple structure consisting of two terminal cisternae flanking a T-Tubule at the A-I band junction

25
Q

neuromuscular junction - def, a.k.a

**

A

synaptic connection between a motor axon and the muscle fiber
motor end plate

26
Q

junctional folds - def

A

where axon terminates on the muscle cell

27
Q

Denervation Atrophy

A

loss of stimulation to the muscle cell at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle atrophy

28
Q

Muscle spindle - fxn, sturcture, significance

**

A

Detect the amount of stretch of a muscle
Basis of stretch reflexes
Modified muscle fibers inside inner of two capsules allows for proprioception

29
Q

Hypertrophy - action, affected by

**

A

increases the size of myofibrils and the number of myofibrils per muscle cell
Age
Nutrition
Hormones

30
Q

Myasthenia gravis

**

A

autoimmune disease with progressive muscular weakness and atrophy
reduction in # of ACH receptors in sarcolemma at NMJ

31
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

**

A

congenital muscle disease
Severe weakness atrophy and destruction of muscle fibers
caused by genetic mutations in transmembrane proteins of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex

32
Q

Cardiac Muscle - components

**

A

one centrally located nucleus
Intercalated disks
Dyads
Increased mitochondria, lipid droplets, glycogen and myoglobin
contraction controlled by both autonomic nervous system and circulating horones

33
Q

Intercalated Disks - fxn

**

A

highly specialized attachments that join cardiac muscle fibers together

34
Q

Junctional Complexes in Cardiac Muscle

**

A

Fasciae Adherens
Maculae Adherens
Gap Junctions

35
Q

Smooth Muscle - components

**

A

Fusiform
Lack of cross-striations and T-tubules
Single centrally located nucleus

36
Q

Smooth Muscle - locations

A 
tubuar organs - lining
iris and ciliary body of the eye
scrotum
blood vessels
hair follicles
37
Q

Gap Junctions in Smooth muscle - fxn

A

allow intercellular communication regulating contraction of sheets

38
Q

Smooth muscle capable of hyperthrophy and hyperplasia

**

A

KNOW

39
Q

Regenration in muscle

**

A

Skeletal - Yes
Smooth - Sort of
Cardiac - None

40
Q

Promotion of Muscle Fiber Shorterning

A

XXXXXXXXXX

41
Q

Hyperplaisia

A

Increase in cell number

Smooth muscle capable of hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Undeleted (45 decks)

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