Endocrine Regulation Flashcards
Rb
Hypophospholyrated Rb is growth suppresive (cell cycle halted)
Paracrine systems
Employ hormones that DIFFUSE short distances to affect neighboring cell.
Also circulated throughout body at lower concentrations
Autocrine systems
Employ hormone to influence its own behavior
SAME CELL
Neuroendocrine and synaptic systems
release a chemical messenger that diffuses only a very short distance to neighbor
Justacrine signaling
cell to cell contact
through membranes or connexin molecules
Cytokines - def. , #
chemical messengers that coordinate the responses of the immune system. Can behave anyhow.
12
The body will try to keep glucose related variables _______
Constant
How does one get a higher response?
More receptors
Higher concentration of ligands
Messenger molecules, types, function
CM1 (membrane), CM2 (inside)
must bind to an appropriate receptor
Ultimate effect of messengers
Bind to the receptor to change enzyme activity in cell
How does one terminate messenger activity?
- Destroy ligand
- Desensitize receptor, internalize receptor ligand complex
- Internalize receptor ligand complex and destroy complex or just ligand/recycle receptor
Trophic effects
Promotes another glands health and growth w/o necessarily stimulating release of that hormone
Permissive effect
Presence of one hormone in a concentration greater than some threshold is required for second hormone to express its effect
Water and Lipid Solubility
Proteins
Steroids
Ameines
Proteins - No Solubility - LIPIDS Proteins - High Solubility - WATER Steriods - High Solubility - LIPIDS Steroids - No Solubility - WATER Amines - No Solubility - LIPIDS Amines - Low Solubility - WATER
Effects of Solubity
Can cross cell membrane - binds to Mobile Receptor - alter gene expression
Cannot cross cell membrane - binds to Membrane Receptor - triggers cascade to alter enxyme activity
