Structure and Function of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin - Fxns

**

A
Barrier
Thermoregulation
Convey somatosensory information from environment to nervous system
Immunologic - antigen presentation
Endocrine
Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidermis - Characteristics and components

**

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
from Ectoderm
Avascular
Composed of kerationocytes, melanocytes and Langerhen’s cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermis - Characteristics and components, origin

**

A

Dense irregular connective tissue
from Mesoderm
imparts mechanical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypodermis - Characteristics and components, origin

**

A

Variable amounts of lobules of adipose tissue seperated by connective tissue
Insulates and provides energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thin skin v Thick skin

A

hair follicles NOT in thick skin

Thick - adapted for great amount of abrasion e.g. palmar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stratum Basale - a.k.a, desc, fxn, components

A

SB - Germinativum
Stem cells on basal lamina
Give rise to to keratinocytes
includes Keratinocytes & Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Keratinocytes - fxn

A

Form physical and chemical barrier of skin

through production of cytokeratin proteins which organize as intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Melanoctyes - location, fxn, origin

A

in SB
Synthesize melanin pigment from the amino acid tyrosine
Neural crest derivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

cell layers w/ desmosome at ends forming attachment between adjacent cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

thin layer, w/ intense basophilic (dark staining) as result of keratohyalin, a precursor to filaggrin - which bundles keratin filaments in SC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

lucidum
most superficial layer
No Nucleus or cell organelles in cells. only keratin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Water proofing in skin

**

A

At base of SC.
by complex arrangement of submembrane proteins and lipids secreted from lamellar bodies from stratum granulosum keratinoctyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Life progression of Keratinocyte

A
  1. Basal Cell
  2. Spinous Cel
  3. Granule Cell
    4 Stratum corneum
    5.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage 1- keratinocyte progression

**

A

Basal cell synthesize intermediate filaments( keratin), which bundles together as Tonofilaments. => Spinous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 2 - keratinocyte progression

**

A

Spinous layer make keratohylain granules and lamellar bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage 3 - keratinocyte progression

**

A

Granule Cell layer makes Keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies.
Secreted by exocytosis into extracellular space btwn SG and SC

17
Q

Stage 4 - keratinocyte progression

**

A

Stratum Corneum cells are Keratinized

18
Q

Stage 5 - keratinocyte progression

**

A

pH decrease controls desquamation of cells Protease molecules lead to digestion and detachment of most superficial layer of SC

19
Q

Filagrin - fxn, origin

A

Bundles Keratin filaments in SC.

precursors are keratohylanin granules

20
Q

Melanocyte - fxn, action, origin

A

formation of melanin pigment and secretion into keratinocytes
neural crest

21
Q

Langerhans Cells - def, origin

**

A

Antigen presenting cell in epidermis

derived from Bone Marrow - part of mononuclear phagocytic system

22
Q

Dermal Papillae

**

A

Fingler-like extension in dermis projecting into epidermis

accomadate mechanical stress/increased abrasion forming pattern on hands and feet

23
Q

Dermis Layers

A

Papillary Layer

Reticular Layer

24
Q

Dermis - cellular components

A

Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages and graanulocytes
Langerhan cells

25
Dermis - EC components + other components
``` Collage fibers (type 1) Elastic Fibers ``` Blood vessels Muscle - Arrector pili mm Nerves and Sensory receptors
26
``` Meissner Corpuscles (MC) - def, location ** ```
touch receptor low frequency stimuli in dermal papillae
27
Pacinian Corpuscles - location, def | **
Dermis | Sensitive to vibration an deep pressure
28
Autonomic motor nerves in skin innervate ...
Blood vessels, arrector pili muscle, and glands
29
Eccrine Glands - def, nervous regulation, components | **
Simple coiled tubular glands Autonomic Cholinergic innervation for temperature regulated sweat Andergenic innervation for emotional related secretion Contains Myoepithelial cells which cause rapid excretion from sweat gland when contracted
30
Apocrine Sweat Gland - def, locations, characteristics**
Simple coiled tubular and branched tubular gland w/ dust reaching skin through hair follicle specific to axilla, inguinial and perianal areas active at puberty, affected by pheromones Majorhistocompatabilty complex (MHC) within define scent and composition of secretions
31
Sebaceous Gland - def, characteristics | **
Outgrowth from epithelium that gives rise to hair Contains oily sebum Cause acne when fat (skin irritant) in sebum broken down by bacteria
32
Temperature regulation
Eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels if hot, more seat and vasodilation
33
Epidermal cancers | **
Basal Cell Carcinoma - does not metastasize Squamous Cell Carcinoma - can metaztasize if basement membrane disrupted Malignant Melanoma - SERIOUS
34
Skin Repair | **
``` Primary Union (least severe) Secondary Union --Dermal Repair --Epidermal Repair Skin graftin (for major damage) ```