Intracellular Signaling

Question 0

Agonist

Answer 0

ligand that activates signal transduction

Question 1

Intracellular signal transduction

Answer 1

process by which information detected at the surface of a cell is transferred to a signal inside the cell that triggers a specific response

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

ligand that prevents signal transduction

Question 3

Cell-surface receptors

Answer 3

binding sites for large molecules or molecules that are too hydrophilic to cross target cell membrane

Question 4

Intracellular receptors

Answer 4

for small hydrophobic molecules that readily permeate plasma membrane

Question 5

Binding of molecule to receptor - action

Answer 5

activate the first intracellular molecule in the cascade called the second messenger
change the electrical potential of the membrane
activate the enzyme cascade involving protein kinases, protein phosphatases or proteases

Question 6

Classes of cell surface recptors

Answer 6

Ligand gated
Enzyme linked
Cytokine
G-protein coupled

Question 7

Enzyme effectors

Answer 7

protein kinases
protein phosphatases
non-receptor tyrosine kinases
adenylate and guanylate cyclase

Question 8

Kinase

Answer 8

enzyme that phosphorylates proteins (most commonly serine, threonine, or tyrosine)

Question 9

Phosphotase

Answer 9

removes phosphate and inactivate proteins

Question 11

Termination of signal transduction

Answer 11

reducing agonist availability
internalizing and degrading agonist-receptor complex
modifying the receptor to inactivate it