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VMS 1005 > Structure and Function of Synovial joints > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Synovial joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is Synarthrosis?

A

Immovable joints, the bones are in almost direct
contact but interspersed by connective tissue

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2
Q

What is Amphiarthrosis?

A

Slightly moveable joints, continuous osseous surfaces
connected by flattened discs of
fibrocartilage that allow for
limited movement

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3
Q

What is Diarthrosis (synovial joint) ?

A

freely moveable, possesses a cavity that
is lined by a synovial membrane.
- may or may not possess ligamentous and
meniscal structures internally.
- normally found between long bones.

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4
Q

What is Hyaline cartilage?

A

most common form of cartilage, contains holes where chondrocytes would have been

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5
Q

What is Fibrocartilage?

A

contains fibrous lines but it is sparse in cells, it is tough and dense but still very flexible

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6
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

chondrocytes plus elastic cartilage

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7
Q

what are chondrocytes?

A

main cells that make up cartilage, they can also produce a range of enzymes and local mediators

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8
Q

What is the extracellular matrix made up of?

A

Collagens and proteoglycans

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9
Q

What is the function of proteoglycans?

A

rigidity and stability

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10
Q

What are growth plates?

A

they allow longitudinal bone growth, contain cells in different stages of growth

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11
Q

what is the resting zone in growth plates

A

where chondrocytes rest

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12
Q

What is the proliferative zone in growth plates?

A

cells flatten and divide, chondrocytes begin to lay down the matrix

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13
Q

What is the hypertrophic zone in growth plates?

A

cells become larger there is a big increase in extracellular matrix, the cells eventually die and the invasion of blood vessels = start of bone growth

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14
Q

Synovium

A

specialized connective soft-tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of synovial joint capsules and maintains a sterile environment within the joint

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15
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

nourishes and lubricates the joint

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16
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

made out of fibrocartilage, the outer edge contains capillaries and nerve endings// highly organised collagen

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17
Q

What are ligaments?

A

They attach bone to bone

18
Q

What are some examples of synarthrosis joints?

A

Immoveable joints found in the sockets of teeth

19
Q

What is a function of the fibrocartilage disc?

A

allows for shock absorption in the amphiarthrosis joints

20
Q

What is the joint space in a synovial space usually filled with?

A

Synovial fluid

21
Q

What is the main type of collagen produced in the growth plates?

A

Type 10 collagen

22
Q

What is synovial fluid rich in?

A

protein, glycans and hyaluronic acid

23
Q

What is the function of the synoviocytes?

A

Filter the blood before it enters the joint

24
Q

Which part of the meniscus contains the nerve endings and capillaries?

A

the outer part

25
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints

26
Q

What is the main function of chondrocytes?

A

They produce and secrete the extracellular matrix

27
Q

What makes up proteoglycans?

A

Collagens and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans

28
Q

What is the main reason why chondrocytes have a high water content?

A

water stays uncompressed and acts as a shock absorber

29
Q

Where are synoviocytes found and what is their main function?

A

They are located in the inner surface of the joint cavity and remove debris by means of phagocytosis

30
Q

What are the two meniscus found in the knee?

A

Lateral and Medial

31
Q

What is the main collagen found in the meniscus?

A

Type II

32
Q

What makes up ligaments?

A

Connective tissue with strong collagen fibres in it

33
Q

Where are the neurons in a joint found?

A

Not in the joint itself but there are sensory nerves in the tissues surrounding the joint (also mechanoreceptors and nociceptors)

34
Q

What joint is an example of a Synarthrosis joint?

A

Gomphoses or cranial joints

35
Q

What is the joint space usually filled with?

A

Synovial fluid

36
Q

What is one key note about articular cartilage

in terms of water content

A

Has a high water content

37
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

any area around the cell

38
Q

What is one trait of cells in the resting zone?

A

They contain a lot of lipids

39
Q

In what part of the growth plate will the cells die allowing blood vessels to invade?

A

Hypertrophic zone

40
Q

What is the inner layer of the joint capsule known as?

A

The synovial membrane

41
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

To reduce friction in the joint

42
Q

What is the synovium?

A

lines the joint capsules

VMS 1005 (33 decks)

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