Structure and Function of Synovial joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is Synarthrosis?

A

Immovable joints, the bones are in almost direct
contact but interspersed by connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Amphiarthrosis?

A

Slightly moveable joints, continuous osseous surfaces
connected by flattened discs of
fibrocartilage that allow for
limited movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Diarthrosis (synovial joint) ?

A

freely moveable, possesses a cavity that
is lined by a synovial membrane.
- may or may not possess ligamentous and
meniscal structures internally.
- normally found between long bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Hyaline cartilage?

A

most common form of cartilage, contains holes where chondrocytes would have been

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Fibrocartilage?

A

contains fibrous lines but it is sparse in cells, it is tough and dense but still very flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

chondrocytes plus elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are chondrocytes?

A

main cells that make up cartilage, they can also produce a range of enzymes and local mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the extracellular matrix made up of?

A

Collagens and proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of proteoglycans?

A

rigidity and stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are growth plates?

A

they allow longitudinal bone growth, contain cells in different stages of growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the resting zone in growth plates

A

where chondrocytes rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the proliferative zone in growth plates?

A

cells flatten and divide, chondrocytes begin to lay down the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hypertrophic zone in growth plates?

A

cells become larger there is a big increase in extracellular matrix, the cells eventually die and the invasion of blood vessels = start of bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Synovium

A

specialized connective soft-tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of synovial joint capsules and maintains a sterile environment within the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

nourishes and lubricates the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

made out of fibrocartilage, the outer edge contains capillaries and nerve endings// highly organised collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are ligaments?

A

They attach bone to bone

18
Q

What are some examples of synarthrosis joints?

A

Immoveable joints found in the sockets of teeth

19
Q

What is a function of the fibrocartilage disc?

A

allows for shock absorption in the amphiarthrosis joints

20
Q

What is the joint space in a synovial space usually filled with?

A

Synovial fluid

21
Q

What is the main type of collagen produced in the growth plates?

A

Type 10 collagen

22
Q

What is synovial fluid rich in?

A

protein, glycans and hyaluronic acid

23
Q

What is the function of the synoviocytes?

A

Filter the blood before it enters the joint

24
Q

Which part of the meniscus contains the nerve endings and capillaries?

A

the outer part

25
What is articular cartilage?
Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
26
What is the main function of chondrocytes?
They produce and secrete the extracellular matrix
27
What makes up proteoglycans?
Collagens and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans
28
What is the main reason why chondrocytes have a high water content?
water stays uncompressed and acts as a shock absorber
29
Where are synoviocytes found and what is their main function?
They are located in the inner surface of the joint cavity and remove debris by means of phagocytosis
30
What are the two meniscus found in the knee?
Lateral and Medial
31
What is the main collagen found in the meniscus?
Type II
32
What makes up ligaments?
Connective tissue with strong collagen fibres in it
33
Where are the neurons in a joint found?
Not in the joint itself but there are sensory nerves in the tissues surrounding the joint (also mechanoreceptors and nociceptors)
34
What joint is an example of a Synarthrosis joint?
Gomphoses or cranial joints
35
What is the joint space usually filled with?
Synovial fluid
36
What is one key note about articular cartilage | in terms of water content
Has a high water content
37
What is the perichondrium?
any area around the cell
38
What is one trait of cells in the resting zone?
They contain a lot of lipids
39
In what part of the growth plate will the cells die allowing blood vessels to invade?
Hypertrophic zone
40
What is the inner layer of the joint capsule known as?
The synovial membrane
41
What is the function of synovial fluid?
To reduce friction in the joint
42
What is the synovium?
lines the joint capsules