Intro to respiratory systems

Question 1

How would you describe respiration?

Answer 1

distribution of gases within the alveoli and diffusion of gases into and out of the bloodstream

Question 2

How would you describe ventilation?

Answer 2

The process of breathing (movement of air into and out of the lungs)

Question 3

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

External nares, nasal cavity, sinuses and the larynx

Question 4

What makes up the lower respiratory system?

Answer 4

Trachea, lungs bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 5

What is the philtrum?

Answer 5

Line that runs down the nose, separating the nostrils/ cranial nares

Question 6

What is the name of the non-haired most rostral part of the nose?

Answer 6

planum nasale

Question 7

What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

Answer 7

Formed by the soft and hard palates hence why it is separated from the mouth

Question 8

What is the name of the entrance of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

the vestibule

Question 9

What is found on the dorsolateral wall of the nasopharynx?

Answer 9

openings to the auditory tubes

Question 10

What is the purpose of lining the nasal cavity with a mucousal membrane?

Answer 10

Provides a large surface area for heat and water exchange

Question 11

What is the name of the mucous membrane that covers the ethmoidal conchae?

Answer 11

the olfactory epithelium

Question 12

Where does the dorsal meatus lead?

Answer 12

leads to the frontal sinus

Question 13

Where does the middle meatus lead to?

Answer 13

maxillary sinuses and olfactory mucosa

Question 14

Where do the ventral and common meatus lead?

Answer 14

principal respiratory passage, hence they are the best meatus for the nasogastric tube

Question 15

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 15

they are air-filled spaces lined with mucosa in the skull that communicate with nasal cavities through narrow openings

Question 16

What are the two paranasal sinuses that all domestic species have?

Answer 16

Frontal and maxillary

Question 17

What two paranasal sinuses do farm animals have along with frontal and maxillary?

Answer 17

sphenoidal and palatine

Question 18

What are the two types of paranasal sinus?

Answer 18

Those that communicate with the middle meatus and those that communicate with the ethymoidal nasal meatus’s

Question 19

What age do cows have fully developed paranasal sinuses?

Answer 19

Age 7

Question 20

What are the 3 different pharynx regions?

Answer 20

nasal, laryngo and oro

Question 21

What innervates the pharynx

Answer 21

The vagus nerve

Question 22

How does the guttural pouch communicate with the pharynx?

Answer 22

via the pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube that is covered in a thin fibrocartilage

Question 23

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 23

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid

Question 24

Which laryngeal cartilage is paired?

Answer 24

arytenoid

Question 25

What is the glottis

Answer 25

slit like opening between vocal cords, where an endotracheal tube can enter

Question 26

Which nerves innervate the laryngeal muscles?

Answer 26

cranial and caudal laryngeal nerves (branches of the vagus nerve)

Question 27

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 27

It is a musculocartilaginous organ that guards the entrance to the trachea

Question 28

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 28

A leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered by a mucous membrane

Question 29

What is the planum nasale called in species with a large muzzle?

Answer 29

planum nasolabiale

Question 30

What is the name of the mucousal membrane that covers the ethmoidal conchae

Answer 30

The olfactory epithelium which contains sensory endings of the olfactory nerve

Question 31

What is a meatus?

Answer 31

A separation of the nasal cavity (in-between turbinates)

Question 32

What is the clinical importance of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 32

They are narrow and therefore prone to clogging

Question 33

What part of the nasal cavity does not participate in respiration?

Answer 33

The paranasal sinuses

Question 34

What is the function of the palatine bone?

Answer 34

It communicates with the maxillary sinus

Question 35

What is one animal that has a conchofrontal sinus?

Answer 35

Horses

Question 36

What are the two types of paranasal sinus?

Answer 36

Sinuses that communicate collectively with the middle nasal meatus And those that communicate with the ethymoidal nasal meatuses in the caudal part of the nasal cavity

Question 37

Where is the sphenoid sinus found within the dog?

Answer 37

Within the pre-sphenoid bone

Question 38

Where is the frontal sinus found within the dog?

Answer 38

between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone- it is the largest and most developed sinus

Question 39

Which part of the pharynx contains the auditory tube opening?

Answer 39

The nasopharynx

Question 40

What separates the guttural pouches?

Answer 40

A thin medial septum

Question 41

What is the pharynx cartilage that prevents collapse of the laryngeal airway?

Answer 41

mainly the cricoid

Question 42

Where does the cranial laryngeal branch detach?

Answer 42

It detaches at the head/ neck junction

Question 43

Where does the caudal laryngeal branch detach?

Answer 43

It detaches in the thorax

Question 44

Where does the cranial laryngeal nerve enter?

Answer 44

enters the larynx by the thyroid foramen but just before gives a branch to cricothyroideus m.

Question 45

Where does the caudal laryngeal nerve enter?

Answer 45

leaves the vagus in the thorax then ascends through the neck and distributes itself to rest of the laryngeal muscles