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VMS 1005 > Intro to respiratory systems > Flashcards

Intro to respiratory systems Flashcards

1
Q

How would you describe respiration?

A

distribution of gases within the alveoli and diffusion of gases into and out of the bloodstream

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2
Q

How would you describe ventilation?

A

The process of breathing (movement of air into and out of the lungs)

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3
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

External nares, nasal cavity, sinuses and the larynx

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4
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory system?

A

Trachea, lungs bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

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5
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

Line that runs down the nose, separating the nostrils/ cranial nares

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6
Q

What is the name of the non-haired most rostral part of the nose?

A

planum nasale

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7
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

A

Formed by the soft and hard palates hence why it is separated from the mouth

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8
Q

What is the name of the entrance of the nasal cavity?

A

the vestibule

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9
Q

What is found on the dorsolateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

openings to the auditory tubes

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10
Q

What is the purpose of lining the nasal cavity with a mucousal membrane?

A

Provides a large surface area for heat and water exchange

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11
Q

What is the name of the mucous membrane that covers the ethmoidal conchae?

A

the olfactory epithelium

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12
Q

Where does the dorsal meatus lead?

A

leads to the frontal sinus

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13
Q

Where does the middle meatus lead to?

A

maxillary sinuses and olfactory mucosa

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14
Q

Where do the ventral and common meatus lead?

A

principal respiratory passage, hence they are the best meatus for the nasogastric tube

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15
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

they are air-filled spaces lined with mucosa in the skull that communicate with nasal cavities through narrow openings

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16
Q

What are the two paranasal sinuses that all domestic species have?

A

Frontal and maxillary

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17
Q

What two paranasal sinuses do farm animals have along with frontal and maxillary?

A

sphenoidal and palatine

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18
Q

What are the two types of paranasal sinus?

A

Those that communicate with the middle meatus and those that communicate with the ethymoidal nasal meatus’s

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19
Q

What age do cows have fully developed paranasal sinuses?

A

Age 7

20
Q

What are the 3 different pharynx regions?

A

nasal, laryngo and oro

21
Q

What innervates the pharynx

A

The vagus nerve

22
Q

How does the guttural pouch communicate with the pharynx?

A

via the pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube that is covered in a thin fibrocartilage

23
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid

24
Q

Which laryngeal cartilage is paired?

A

arytenoid

25
Q

What is the glottis

A

slit like opening between vocal cords, where an endotracheal tube can enter

26
Q

Which nerves innervate the laryngeal muscles?

A

cranial and caudal laryngeal nerves (branches of the vagus nerve)

27
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

It is a musculocartilaginous organ that guards the entrance to the trachea

28
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered by a mucous membrane

29
Q

What is the planum nasale called in species with a large muzzle?

A

planum nasolabiale

30
Q

What is the name of the mucousal membrane that covers the ethmoidal conchae

A

The olfactory epithelium which contains sensory endings of the olfactory nerve

31
Q

What is a meatus?

A

A separation of the nasal cavity (in-between turbinates)

32
Q

What is the clinical importance of paranasal sinuses?

A

They are narrow and therefore prone to clogging

33
Q

What part of the nasal cavity does not participate in respiration?

A

The paranasal sinuses

34
Q

What is the function of the palatine bone?

A

It communicates with the maxillary sinus

35
Q

What is one animal that has a conchofrontal sinus?

A

Horses

36
Q

What are the two types of paranasal sinus?

A

Sinuses that communicate collectively with the middle nasal meatus
And those that communicate with the ethymoidal nasal meatuses in the caudal part of the nasal cavity

37
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus found within the dog?

A

Within the pre-sphenoid bone

38
Q

Where is the frontal sinus found within the dog?

A

between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone- it is the largest and most developed sinus

39
Q

Which part of the pharynx contains the auditory tube opening?

A

The nasopharynx

40
Q

What separates the guttural pouches?

A

A thin medial septum

41
Q

What is the pharynx cartilage that prevents collapse of the laryngeal airway?

A

mainly the cricoid

42
Q

Where does the cranial laryngeal branch detach?

A

It detaches at the head/ neck junction

43
Q

Where does the caudal laryngeal branch detach?

A

It detaches in the thorax

44
Q

Where does the cranial laryngeal nerve enter?

A

enters the larynx by the thyroid foramen but just before gives a branch to cricothyroideus m.

45
Q

Where does the caudal laryngeal nerve enter?

A

leaves the vagus in the thorax then ascends through the neck and distributes itself to rest of the laryngeal muscles

VMS 1005 (33 decks)

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