Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments (the forelimb) Flashcards
What type of joint was the glenohumeral joint?
A ball and socket joint
What is another name for the glenohumeral joint?
The shoulder
What was the glenohumeral joint in between?
The scapula and the humerus (glenoid cavity and humeral head)
Why does the glenohumeral joint have no true collateral ligaments?
The muscles that cross the joint provide enough support
What is found inbetween the greater and lesser tubercle and what is its function?
intertubular groove and it helps guide the biceps brachii tendon
What holds the biceps brachii tendon in place in the intertubular groove?
The transverse humeral ligament
What is an adaptation to the biceps brachii tendon in carnivores, pigs and sheep?
A joint capsule extends around the tendon acting as a synovial sheath
What is an adaptation to the biceps brachii tendon in horses and cattle?
an intertubecular bursa is located between the tendon and sulcus
What is the humeroradioulnar (elbow) joint?
A hinge joint between the humerus, radius and ulna that allows flexion and extension
What are the three parts that the humeroradioulnar joint encapsulates?
Humeral condyle, Head of radius and Ulna
Where are the ligaments located on the humeroradioulnar joint?
lateral and medial collateral ligaments are located either side of the joint and restrict movement
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
an additional joint between the radius and ulna that is fused in horses and ruminants but allow supination in carnivores/ pigs
How many carpal joints are there?
three that act together as a hinge
What is the antebrachiocarpal joint?
Joint between the radius/ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones
What is the middle carpal joint?
Joint between the two rows of carpal bones
What is the carpometacarpal joint?
between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpals
Where are the lateral and medial collateral ligaments found on the carpal joints?
Located on either side and they restrict movement
Where are intercarpal joints and ligaments found?
Between individual carpal bones
Where are the intermetacarpal joints found?
Between the proximal metacarpal bones
What forms the carpal canal?
Accessory carpal bone, Other carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum and palmar carpal ligament
What passes through the carpal canal?
Tendons and synovial sheaths of superficial and deep digital flexors, Nerves and arteries/veins
Where can you find the MCP joint?
Between the proximal metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges
Where can you find the medial/collateral ligaments?
They are located on either side of the joint and restrict movement
Where can you find phalangeal joints?
Between the phalanges
Where can you find the proximal interphalangeal joint?
Between the proximal and middle phalanges
What animals have an additional annular ligament around the humeroradioulnar joint?
Carnivores
What kind of joints are the carpal joints?
Hinge joints that allow flexion/extension
In what animals does the antebrachiocarpal joint share a joint capsule with the distal radioulnar joint?
Carnivores + pigs
What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligaemnt?
To hold the biceps brachii tendon in place
