Comparative structures of lungs, airways and pleura Flashcards
What is the trachea?
A flexible tube that continues from the pharynx
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
cartilaginous C-shaped rings
Where is the bifurication of the trachea?
around the 5th rib
What are the 4 lobes in the right lung? (apart from in horses)
Cranial, Caudal, Medial and accesory
What makes up the parietal pleura?
mediastinal part, costal part and diaphragmatic part
Where are lungs located?
In pleural sacs
What is the function of pleural fluid?
serves to reduce friction when the lung rubs against the body wall
What is the pleural cupula?
Dome shaped layer that lines the upper part of the thoracic cage
What is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection?
A line of separation between the chest cavity and abdominal cavity
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve
What is the diaphragm?
A dome shaped structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
What animals have an additional tracheal bronchus to supply the right cranial lobe?
Ruminants and pigs
What is the cardiac notch?
an indent in the lungs for the heart to fit
What animals have a left cranial lobe that is further divided?
All animals apart from horses
What animals have a right cranial, lobe that is further divided and contains a tracheal bronchae?
Ruminants and pigs
What is the name of the cranial, cranial lobe?
Pars cranialis
What is the name for the caudal crania lobe?
Pars caudalis
In which lobe is the groove for the caudal vena cava?
The accessory lobe
What is the basal border?
Line that runs from the middle of the 6th-8th rib to the dorsal part of the 11th rib
What makes up the triangle of auscultation?
Lateral border of ileocostalis muscle, basal border of the lungs, and a line taken from the caudal angle at the 5th rib
Where are lungs located?
In the pleural sacs
What does the costal pleura of the lungs cover?
Outer layer of the Lungs to the ribs
What does the diaphragmatic pleura of the lungs cover?
Outer layer of the Lungs to the diaphragm
What does the mediastinal pleura of the lungs cover?
Outer layer of the Lungs to the mediastinum
What is the visceral pleura of the lungs?
The inner layer
What is the function of pleural fluid?
Serves to reduce friction and intra-thoracic pressure, as well as preventing the lungs from collapsing during expiration
What is the aortic hiatus?
The most dorsal opening of the lungs, contains the aorta, azygous vein and the thoracic duct
What is the oesophageal hiatus?
contains the oesophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
In which animal is the cranial lobe of the lung not split?
The horse
Which animal does not have a middle lung lobe?
The horse
What are the 4 lobes that carnivores have on the right side?
Cranial, middle, caudal and accesory
What is a pleural reflection?
A pleural reflection is a line in which individual regions of pleura merge
What is the name of the nerve that supplies the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve
What are the two parts of the diaphragm?
There is a muscular peripheral area and a tendinous central area
What vein enters through the caval foramen?
The caudal vena cava
What is the purpose of the recesses in the lungs?
They provide a potential route for the pleural cavities without damaging the lungs
What is the blood supply to the lungs?
Bronchoesophageal a. and v.
