Comparative anatomy of the heart Flashcards
Where is the mediastinum located?
In the middle part of the thoracic cavity, in between the two pleural cavities
What is the pericardial sac made up of?
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
What is the right atrioventricular valve also called?
The tricuspid valve
What is the left atrioventricular valve also called?
The bicuspid/ Mitral valve
What anchors the hearts valves?
chordae tendinae
What is the function of the coronary artery?
Supplies the heart with oxygen
What is the function of the coronary groove?
Separates the atria from the ventricles
Where is the heart usually located?
From the 2cd/3rd ICS to the 5th/6th ICS
What is the olecranon and what is it used for?
Bony part of the ulna and it is used as a landmark for the heart
Where is the olecranon located?
the 5th ICS
Where does the heart lay? (in terms of planes)
slightly to the left of the median plane
When you pick up the pericardial sac, which layers are you holding?
all layers apart from the visceral pericardium, as that is still attached to the heart
What is the sternopericardial ligament?
attaches the heart to the sternum (usually in cows)
What is the name of the ligament that attaches the heart to the sternum in dogs?
phrenocardial ligament
What are auricles?
extensions of the atria, they sit either side of the pulmonary trunk
What helps anchor the valves to the ventricles?
chordae tendinae
What are aortic sinuses?
pockets between aortic valve cusps and the vessel wall
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?
paraconal interventricular branch and
circumflex branch
What is the purpose of the coronary artery?
To supply blood to the heart
What is the function of the coronary groove?
It separates the atria and ventricles
Where do the coronary arteries begin?
In the aortic sinuses
What is the name of the fluid that sits in between the visceral and parietal layer of the serous membrane?
Pericardial fluid
Where is the thoracic cavity found in most species?
From the 2cd/3rd to the 5th/6th ICS
What is used as a landmark for the thoracic cavity?
The olecranon
What is the purpose of aortic sinuses?
allow coronary arteries to travel through
What does the coronary groove circle?
The coronary groove circles the heart
What ganglia does the sympathetic innervation of the heart go through?
It travels through the cervical and thoracic ganglia of the heart
What does sympathetic stimulation of the heart rate do?
It increases the heart rate
Where do the parasympathetic fibres of the heart branch from?
They branch from the vagal nerve (in the medulla oblongata)
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
a tough band of connective tissue that connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta
