Comparative anatomy of the heart

Question 1

Where is the mediastinum located?

Answer 1

In the middle part of the thoracic cavity, in between the two pleural cavities

Question 2

What is the pericardial sac made up of?

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

Question 3

What is the right atrioventricular valve also called?

Answer 3

The tricuspid valve

Question 4

What is the left atrioventricular valve also called?

Answer 4

The bicuspid/ Mitral valve

Question 5

What anchors the hearts valves?

Answer 5

chordae tendinae

Question 6

What is the function of the coronary artery?

Answer 6

Supplies the heart with oxygen

Question 7

What is the function of the coronary groove?

Answer 7

Separates the atria from the ventricles

Question 8

Where is the heart usually located?

Answer 8

From the 2cd/3rd ICS to the 5th/6th ICS

Question 9

What is the olecranon and what is it used for?

Answer 9

Bony part of the ulna and it is used as a landmark for the heart

Question 10

Where is the olecranon located?

Answer 10

the 5th ICS

Question 11

Where does the heart lay? (in terms of planes)

Answer 11

slightly to the left of the median plane

Question 12

When you pick up the pericardial sac, which layers are you holding?

Answer 12

all layers apart from the visceral pericardium, as that is still attached to the heart

Question 13

What is the sternopericardial ligament?

Answer 13

attaches the heart to the sternum (usually in cows)

Question 14

What is the name of the ligament that attaches the heart to the sternum in dogs?

Answer 14

phrenocardial ligament

Question 15

What are auricles?

Answer 15

extensions of the atria, they sit either side of the pulmonary trunk

Question 16

What helps anchor the valves to the ventricles?

Answer 16

chordae tendinae

Question 17

What are aortic sinuses?

Answer 17

pockets between aortic valve cusps and the vessel wall

Question 18

What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 18

paraconal interventricular branch and
circumflex branch

Question 19

What is the purpose of the coronary artery?

Answer 19

To supply blood to the heart

Question 20

What is the function of the coronary groove?

Answer 20

It separates the atria and ventricles

Question 21

Where do the coronary arteries begin?

Answer 21

In the aortic sinuses

Question 22

What is the name of the fluid that sits in between the visceral and parietal layer of the serous membrane?

Answer 22

Pericardial fluid

Question 23

Where is the thoracic cavity found in most species?

Answer 23

From the 2cd/3rd to the 5th/6th ICS

Question 24

What is used as a landmark for the thoracic cavity?

Answer 24

The olecranon

Question 25

What is the purpose of aortic sinuses?

Answer 25

allow coronary arteries to travel through

Question 26

What does the coronary groove circle?

Answer 26

The coronary groove circles the heart

Question 27

What ganglia does the sympathetic innervation of the heart go through?

Answer 27

It travels through the cervical and thoracic ganglia of the heart

Question 28

What does sympathetic stimulation of the heart rate do?

Answer 28

It increases the heart rate

Question 29

Where do the parasympathetic fibres of the heart branch from?

Answer 29

They branch from the vagal nerve (in the medulla oblongata)

Question 30

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

Answer 30

a tough band of connective tissue that connects the pulmonary trunk and aorta