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VMS 1005 > Histology of the musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Histology of the musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

A

Glycoproteins/ Glycosaminoglycans and interstitial fluid

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2
Q

What are three different types of connective tissue?

A

Collagenous fibres, Reticular fibres and Elastic fibres

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3
Q

What are some functions of skeletal muscle?

A

Movement, support, protection and thermoregulation

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4
Q

What kind of contraction is skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary contraction

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5
Q

What is skeletal muscle sub-divided into?

A

Fascicles that are surrounded by perimysium and myofibres surrounded by endomysium

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6
Q

What is a myofibre?

A

Cellular unit of skeletal muscle

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7
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

The cell membrane of skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What is the sarcoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm of skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What is a slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibre?

A

contains lots of capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin, low force of contraction but can contract for long periods of time, usually used for aerobic respiration

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10
Q

What is a 2A fast twitch muscle fibre?

A

Fatigue resistant, has an intermediate number of mitochondria and glycogen content

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11
Q

What is a 2B fast twitch muscle fibre?

A

Fatigue sensitive, with a low mitochondrial and glycogen content- used for anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

What is the function of titin?

A

stabilises the myosin

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13
Q

What is the function of the nebulin?

A

associates with the actin

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14
Q

What is the function of the Dystrophin?

A

Connects the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix

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15
Q

What kind of contraction is smooth muscle and what are some of its functions?

A

Peristalsis, regulation of blood flow, urination and respiration

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16
Q

What kind of shapes are the myocytes in smooth muscle?

A

Spindle shaped

17
Q

What does unitarian mean?

A

contains gap junctions

18
Q

What does multiunit mean?

A

contains no gap junctions

19
Q

What is the main difference between smooth muscle and dense connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue is a lot thinner, they are more cigar shaped in smooth muscle

20
Q

What are the two layers of periosteum that line the bone?

A

The outer is the fibrous layer and the inner is the osteogenic layer which is more cellular

21
Q

What are the two different types of matrix in bone cells?

A

Woven (immature) and lamellar (mature)

22
Q

What are the two different types of lamellar matrix?

A

Compact (dense deposits of matrix with a few spaces in-between) and spongy (cancellous trabecular)

23
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Very strong, flexion-resistant bone found along the outer surface- its structural unit is the osteon which converts mechanical force into biomechanical stimuli

24
Q

What are lacunae?

A

spaces between lamellae occupied by osteocytes

25
Q

What is trabecular bone?

A

Made up of metaphysis and epiphysis- transmits forces from joint surfaces to compact bone

26
Q

What lines trabecular bone?

A

lined by endosteum (similar to periosteum)

27
Q

What is a difference between trabecular and compact bone?

A

Compact bone has central canals and trabecular bone does not and trabecular bone is surrounded by marrow

28
Q

What is woven bone?

A

Weak, haphazard collagen arrangement, contains many osteocytes

29
Q

What is lamellar bone?

A

Has a regular arrangement of collagen fibres, a lot stronger than woven bone

30
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

Lines cartilage

31
Q

In what areas can chondrocytes divide?

A

In cartilage but not in bone

32
Q

What are isogenic groups?

A

clusters of 2-3 daughter cells in lacunae

33
Q

Where are type II collagen fibres usually found?

A

widely dispersed throughout hyaline cartilage

VMS 1005 (33 decks)

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