Introduction to muscles Flashcards
What are the 3 kinds of muscle found in the body?
Smooth, Striated and Cardiac
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle?
Striated
What are the connective tissues surrounding muscle known as?
fascia
When do tendons occur?
When connective tissues merge and attach to bones
What are collagen fibres known as when the muscle attaches directly to bone?
Sharpey fibres
What is the difference between tendons and aponeurosis
Tendons are cylindrical, aponeurosis are flat sheets
What makes up a motor unit?
Motor neurone and the fibre it innervates
What feature of tendons allows them to store a lot of energy?
They have crimped collagen with a lot of elastic recoil, they also have fibres that weave together
What are the different bundles of collagen found in tendons?
Primary, Secondary and tertiary
What modifications do tendons have to protect against pressure and friction?
Sesamoids contain tendon sacs and bursae
What are bursae?
Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body’s joints.
What are the two different types of ligaments?
White and Yellow
What are white ligaments?
Rich in collagen, not very elastic
What are yellow ligaments?
Contain lots of elastic fibres
What do tendons connect?
they connect muscle to bone
What do ligaments connect?
bone to bone
What is force in muscles correlated to?
The muscle cross section// how many fibres are in parallel with each other
What is PCSA?
A measure of the muscle cross-sectional area
What are pennate muscles?
Where the fibres are inserted at an angle, they have a larger strength but less change in length
What are Parallel muscles?
Fibres that are parallel with each other and with the line of action, more fibres packed in series means more muscle shortening
What is concentric contraction?
When the muscle shortens
What is eccentric contraction?
When the muscle lengthens
What is isometric contraction?
When the muscle stays the same length
What is a synergist muscle?
Other muscles may help or modify the action of an agonist,
without directly contributing to the action
e.g by eliminating unwanted side effects
What is an origin?
a muscle attachment that is most proximal/ central
What is an insertion?
a muscle attachment that is distal/ peripheral
What are Type 1 muscle fibres?
Slow oxidative
What are type IIa muscle fibres?
Fast oxidative
How many nerves are muscles usually supplied by?
one nerve
What are both tendons and ligaments made out of?
Dense connective tissue
What is the nuchal ligament and what kind of ligament is it an example of?
Connects the head to the first thoracic vertebrae, an example of a yellow ligament (elastic)
What is a raphe?
a strip of connective tissue
linea alba is an example, it connects the abdominal muscles
