Structure and Function of Cardiac System

Question 1

How does blood flow

Answer 1

Systemic-pulmonary-systemic

Question 2

What is the circulatory system composed of

Answer 2

Vessels, fluid, pump

Question 3

What’s the difference between arteries compared to veins

Answer 3

Thicker, more pressure, no valves

Question 4

What does blood flow depend on

Answer 4

pressure, resistance, velocity, compliance

Question 5

Is there more or less resistance in smaller and highly viscosis

Answer 5

Higher

Question 6

Does velocity decresease or increase as blood moves from the aorta

Answer 6

Decresases

Question 7

What is vascular compliance

Answer 7

How well the cessel can accommodate for a change in volume

Question 8

What does the left side of the feart do

Answer 8

Oxygenated, thick , to the body, high pressure

Question 9

What does the right side of the heart do

Answer 9

low pressure, to the lungs, deoxygenated

Question 10

What is the blood flow through the heart chambers

Answer 10

body-RA-RV-lungs-LA-LV-body

Question 11

What does the pericardium do

Answer 11

Protect against inflmmation, dieplacement, and contains pain receptors and changes BP and HR

Question 12

What is the myocardium

Answer 12

Thick muscle layer

Question 13

What does the endocardium do

Answer 13

Internal lining, connects with vessels

Question 14

What is diastole

Answer 14

Relaxation when the chambers fill

Question 15

What is systole

Answer 15

The contraction

Question 16

What does a murmur sound like

Answer 16

Fish nosie

Question 17

What does the LAD supply

Answer 17

Most of the left side of the heart

Question 18

What do the coronary vessels do

Answer 18

supply the heart with blood

Question 19

When is coronary blood flow higher

Answer 19

Diastole

Question 20

Does the heart get good blood flow when it is racing

Answer 20

No because there is less diastole which means less blood flow to the coronary arteries

Question 21

What is collateral circulation

Answer 21

Arterial anastomoses, normal

Question 22

What should you know about collateral circulation

Answer 22

Happens slowly when occlusion is happening, greater chance of surviving a MI

Question 23

What does cardiac muscle depend on

Answer 23

ATP energy

Question 24

What is the enfery used for in the heart

Answer 24

Muscle contraction and elctrical excitation

Question 25

What is the cardiac output

Answer 25

Volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in 1 minute

Question 26

What is the normal cardiac output

Answer 26

5L/min

Question 27

How do you calculate cardiac output

Answer 27

HR*SV

Question 28

What are the factors that affect cardiac output

Answer 28

Pre/afterload

Question 29

What are the extrinsic control of the heart

Answer 29

ANS, hormones

Question 30

What are the intrisic control of the heart

Answer 30

Rhythm, rate, force, EDV

Question 31

What is the end diastolic volume

Answer 31

The amount of blood left in the body

Question 32

What does the SNS do to the heart

Answer 32

Increases everything

Question 33

What does the PNS do to the heart

Answer 33

Decreases HR

Question 34

What are some endorcine responsers

Answer 34

Thyroid hormone, epi

Question 35

What is stroke volume

Answer 35

Amount of blood ejected by the ventricl with EACH CONTRACTION

Question 36

How does venous return effect SV

Answer 36

If it increases so does SV, likewise for decreasing

Question 37

What is preload

Answer 37

The stretch of the heart tissues right before contration

Question 38

What influences preload

Answer 38

The amount of venous return, and the blood left over

Question 39

How does preload affect SV

Answer 39

If increased it also increases

Question 40

What does an increased preload mean

Answer 40

Stronger contraction

Question 41

What happen when the HR increases

Answer 41

Fillinf time is reduced, icraesed pressure

Question 42

What will these factors do to preload: increased pressure, vasoconstriction, increased blood volume, decreased heart rate

Answer 42

Increase

Question 43

What will these factors to to preload: decreased BP, blood volume, hypertrophy, gravity

Answer 43

decrease

Question 44

What is afterload

Answer 44

The FORCE needed to eject blood from the heart

Question 45

What is afterload dependant on

Answer 45

CP

Question 46

What does hypertension do to afterload

Answer 46

Increases

Question 47

What is the ejection fraction

Answer 47

Fraction of blood ejected by the left ventricle during contraction

Question 48

How do you calculate ejection fraction

Answer 48

SV/EDV

Question 49

What does sympathetic stimulation do to EF

Answer 49

Increase

Question 50

What does ventricular failure do to EF

Answer 50

Decrease

Question 51

What is EF an important factor of

Answer 51

CHF

Question 52

What is cardiac reserve

Answer 52

The ability of the heart to increase output in RESPONSE to increased demand

Question 53

Do trained athletes have good cardiac reserve

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

Why do lazy people get SOB faster than athletes when running

Answer 54

The heart is racing faster so the heart can't fill as fast so there is less O2

Question 55

What can alterations in cardiac function look like

Answer 55

increased HR, SOB, fatigue, distress, chest pain

Question 56

What are some nursing indactations for altered cardiac function

Answer 56

O2, EKG, sit them up, anti coag