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Pathopharm > Structure and Function of Cardiac System > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Cardiac System Flashcards

1
Q

How does blood flow

A

Systemic-pulmonary-systemic

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2
Q

What is the circulatory system composed of

A

Vessels, fluid, pump

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3
Q

What’s the difference between arteries compared to veins

A

Thicker, more pressure, no valves

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4
Q

What does blood flow depend on

A

pressure, resistance, velocity, compliance

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5
Q

Is there more or less resistance in smaller and highly viscosis

A

Higher

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6
Q

Does velocity decresease or increase as blood moves from the aorta

A

Decresases

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7
Q

What is vascular compliance

A

How well the cessel can accommodate for a change in volume

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8
Q

What does the left side of the feart do

A

Oxygenated, thick , to the body, high pressure

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9
Q

What does the right side of the heart do

A

low pressure, to the lungs, deoxygenated

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10
Q

What is the blood flow through the heart chambers

A

body-RA-RV-lungs-LA-LV-body

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11
Q

What does the pericardium do

A

Protect against inflmmation, dieplacement, and contains pain receptors and changes BP and HR

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12
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Thick muscle layer

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13
Q

What does the endocardium do

A

Internal lining, connects with vessels

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14
Q

What is diastole

A

Relaxation when the chambers fill

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15
Q

What is systole

A

The contraction

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16
Q

What does a murmur sound like

A

Fish nosie

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17
Q

What does the LAD supply

A

Most of the left side of the heart

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18
Q

What do the coronary vessels do

A

supply the heart with blood

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19
Q

When is coronary blood flow higher

A

Diastole

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20
Q

Does the heart get good blood flow when it is racing

A

No because there is less diastole which means less blood flow to the coronary arteries

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21
Q

What is collateral circulation

A

Arterial anastomoses, normal

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22
Q

What should you know about collateral circulation

A

Happens slowly when occlusion is happening, greater chance of surviving a MI

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23
Q

What does cardiac muscle depend on

A

ATP energy

24
Q

What is the enfery used for in the heart

A

Muscle contraction and elctrical excitation

25
Q

What is the cardiac output

A

Volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in 1 minute

26
Q

What is the normal cardiac output

A

5L/min

27
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output

A

HR*SV

28
Q

What are the factors that affect cardiac output

A

Pre/afterload

29
Q

What are the extrinsic control of the heart

A

ANS, hormones

30
Q

What are the intrisic control of the heart

A

Rhythm, rate, force, EDV

31
Q

What is the end diastolic volume

A

The amount of blood left in the body

32
Q

What does the SNS do to the heart

A

Increases everything

33
Q

What does the PNS do to the heart

A

Decreases HR

34
Q

What are some endorcine responsers

A

Thyroid hormone, epi

35
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected by the ventricl with EACH CONTRACTION

36
Q

How does venous return effect SV

A

If it increases so does SV, likewise for decreasing

37
Q

What is preload

A

The stretch of the heart tissues right before contration

38
Q

What influences preload

A

The amount of venous return, and the blood left over

39
Q

How does preload affect SV

A

If increased it also increases

40
Q

What does an increased preload mean

A

Stronger contraction

41
Q

What happen when the HR increases

A

Fillinf time is reduced, icraesed pressure

42
Q

What will these factors do to preload: increased pressure, vasoconstriction, increased blood volume, decreased heart rate

A

Increase

43
Q

What will these factors to to preload: decreased BP, blood volume, hypertrophy, gravity

A

decrease

44
Q

What is afterload

A

The FORCE needed to eject blood from the heart

45
Q

What is afterload dependant on

A

CP

46
Q

What does hypertension do to afterload

A

Increases

47
Q

What is the ejection fraction

A

Fraction of blood ejected by the left ventricle during contraction

48
Q

How do you calculate ejection fraction

A

SV/EDV

49
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation do to EF

A

Increase

50
Q

What does ventricular failure do to EF

A

Decrease

51
Q

What is EF an important factor of

A

CHF

52
Q

What is cardiac reserve

A

The ability of the heart to increase output in RESPONSE to increased demand

53
Q

Do trained athletes have good cardiac reserve

A

Yes

54
Q

Why do lazy people get SOB faster than athletes when running

A

The heart is racing faster so the heart can’t fill as fast so there is less O2

55
Q

What can alterations in cardiac function look like

A

increased HR, SOB, fatigue, distress, chest pain

56
Q

What are some nursing indactations for altered cardiac function

A

O2, EKG, sit them up, anti coag

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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