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Pathopharm > Antibiotics Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Antibiotics Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What should you focus on when learns antibiotics

A

Class and the weird parts of drugs

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2
Q

Do you need to know the dosing or the type of bacteria when learning antibiotics

A

Not really

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3
Q

What are antibiotics

A

Meds to treat BACTERIAL infections

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4
Q

What do you need to get before you give an antibiotics

A

Cultures

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5
Q

What is empiric therapy

A

Treatment BEFORE you know what the specific bacteria is

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6
Q

What is definitive therapy

A

Treatment AFTER you know what the bacteria is and the meds are tailored

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7
Q

What is prophylactic therapy

A

Treatment to PREVENT an infection

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8
Q

What do you use prophylactic therapy

A

Surgery or tramus

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9
Q

What is therapeutic response

A

Decrease in S+S, getting BETTER

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10
Q

What is subtherapeutic response

A

S+S are NOT getting better

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11
Q

What can you do if you pt has subtherapeutic responses

A

Change antibiotics

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12
Q

What is a superinfection

A

Drug RESISTANT infections

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13
Q

What is a secondary infection

A

When you get another infection while treating a different one because the body is weakened and the immune system is taxed

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14
Q

What are some examples of a superinfection

A

C. diff, MRSA

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15
Q

What is therapeuric drug monitoring

A

Peak and trough levels especially for drugs with low toxicity levels

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16
Q

What is a dose dependant antibiotic

A

One time

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17
Q

What is a time dependant antibiotic

A

Use over time

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18
Q

What is a synergistic effect

A

When drugs work better together than by themselves

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19
Q

How does antibiotic use promote resistance

A

Makes it so there can be an overgrowth of bad bacteria

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20
Q

What type of antibiotics promote resistance

A

Broad-spectrum meds

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21
Q

What does MRSA stand for

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

What does VRE stand for

A

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

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23
Q

What do bactericidal drugs do

A

KILL bacteria

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24
Q

What do bacteriostatic drugs do

A

INHIBIT growth of bacteria

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25
Q

Are penicillins a good invention

A

Yes

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26
Q

Is there a lot of resistance with penicillins

A

Yes

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27
Q

What is the most common natural penicilln

A

Penicillin G

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28
Q

What is the penicillinase-resistant drug

A

NAFcillin

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29
Q

Are penicillins mostly broad spectrum

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is the aminopenicillin

A

AMOXicillin

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31
Q

What is the extended-spectrum drugs (penicillins)

A

PIPERacillin

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32
Q

What type of drugs are extended-spectrum drugs (penicillin)

A

Broad spectrum

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33
Q

Is PIPERacillin a good synergistic drug

A

Yes

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34
Q

What is the basic mechanism of action of penicillins

A

Cell wall disturbances that cause CELL LYSIS, doesn’t kill BODY cells

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35
Q

What type of bacteria do you use penicillins for

A

Gram-POSITIVE bacteria

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36
Q

What are some examples of gram-positive bacteria

A

Strep, staph

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37
Q

How often do allergic reactions happen with penicillins

A

0.7-4%

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38
Q

What are some of the allergic reactions to penicillins

A

Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

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39
Q

What is urticaria

A

Hives

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40
Q

What is pruritus

A

Itching

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41
Q

What is angioedema

A

Swelling

42
Q

What drug does those allergic to penicillins have an increased risk of allergy to

A

Cephalosporins

43
Q

When is the only time that those with a hx of penicillin should not be given cephalosporins

A

Anaphalysis response (throat swelling or hives)

44
Q

What should you do if you give a pt who is allergic to penicillins cephalosporins

A

Monitor closely

45
Q

What are the common adverse effects of penicillns

A

GI issues, upset stomach

46
Q

How can you prevent an upset stomach with penicillins

A

Probiotics or yogurt

47
Q

Do penicillins interact with NSAIDs

A

Yes

48
Q

What do penicillins do to oral contraceptives

A

Decrease affectiveness

49
Q

What does penicillin do to warfarin

A

Increase effectiveness of warfarin, risk of BLEEDING

50
Q

What type of drug is wardrin

A

Antiocoag

51
Q

What liquid should you take with penicillins and why

A

Water NOT jucies as the acidicy may null the drugs affectiveness

52
Q

How long should you monitor pts taking penicillin for an allergic reaction

A

30 mins

53
Q

What are the differences between all the generation of cephalosporins

A

Improved Gram-negative coverage with each generation

54
Q

What are cephalosporins similar to

A

Penicillins

55
Q

What type of action do cephalosporins have

A

Bactericidal

56
Q

Are cephalosporins braod spectrum

A

Yes

57
Q

What are first generation cephalosporins good at

A

Gram-positive NOT gram-negative

58
Q

What are the two first gen cephalosporin drugs

A

CefaZLOIN, cephaLEXIN

59
Q

What are first gen cephalorsporins used for

A

Srugical prophylaxis and staph

60
Q

What route is cephaLEXIN usally given

A

PO

61
Q

Are second generation cephalosporins better at gram-negative coverage

A

Yes

62
Q

What cephalosporin generation can kill anaerobes

A

Second

63
Q

What cephalosporin generation is the potent against gram-negative baceria

A

Third

64
Q

What are the two drugs used in the third generation cephalosporins

A

CefDINIR, ceftRIAXONE

65
Q

What is ceftRIAXONE used for

A

Skin infections, powered, smells

66
Q

How is ceftriaxone given

A

IM, long HALF-life, given ONCE a day

67
Q

How is ceftriaxone eliminated and why does that matter

A

Hepaticaly, STAYS in system, don’t give with LIVER issue, check liver FUNCTION

68
Q

What type of infections can be treated with cephalosporins

A

CNS infections because is passes through the meninges

69
Q

What is the fourth generation cephalosporin drug used for complicated UTIs

A

CefePIME

70
Q

What infections can be treated with fifth generation cephalosporins

A

MRSA

71
Q

What are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

GI issues, allergic reactions

72
Q

Is there potential cross-sensitivity with penicillins if allergies exist (cephalosporins)

A

Yes

73
Q

Is an allergy to penicillin a contraindication to administration of cephalosporins

A

Not unless they have had an anaphylsix reaction

74
Q

What should you do when you take cephalorpsonrins orally

A

With food

75
Q

What type of response can cephalosporins have when taken with alcohol

A

Disulfiram, makes you sick. (Even colone or mouthwash)

76
Q

What is a disulfiram reaction

A

Stops alcholism because it makes them SICK

77
Q

What are carbapenems

A

The broadest antibacerial, not really used

78
Q

What are arbapenems used for

A

Complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections

79
Q

When can carbapenems cause

A

Seizure activity

80
Q

What should you do if you have to give your pt carbapenems

A

Seizure safety, and proper dose TIME

81
Q

What are the two carbapenems

A

IMIpenem and MEROpenem

82
Q

What is imipenem used for

A

Treatment of bone infections

83
Q

Which people have osteomalies and are given imipenem

A

Diabetics

84
Q

What is the one miscellaneous antibiotic

A

Vancomycin

85
Q

What is the treatment of choice for MRSA and C.diff

A

Vanco

86
Q

What must you do when giving vanco

A

Monitor blood levels to prevent tocivity, assess hearing and urine output (BUN, creatine)

87
Q

What can vanco cause

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

88
Q

What else can vanco cause

A

Red man syndrom

89
Q

What is red man syndrom

A

A mild allergic reaction with flushed skin

90
Q

What should you do when your pt shows red man syndrome

A

Assess AIRWAY, can give antihistamine, SLOW infusion time

91
Q

What can rapid infusions of vanco cause

A

Hypotension

92
Q

What can furosimide cause

A

Ototoxicity

93
Q

What are the three macrolide drugs

A

ERYTHROmycin, AZITHROmycin, CLARITHROmycin

94
Q

What is azithromycin known as

A

Z-pac

95
Q

What is clarithromycin

A

Hospital IV

96
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides

A

Protein baceriostatic

97
Q

When are macrolides used

A

Strep, Repsiratory infections, STDs

98
Q

What drugs are used for HIV

A

azithromycin, clarithromycin

99
Q

What drug is used for the treatment of H pylori

A

Clarithromycin

100
Q

What are the adverse effects of macrolides

A

GI issues (erythromycin), HEPATOXICITY and jaundice

101
Q

Who should you be careful about for administration of macrolides

A

People with liver issues

102
Q

Are macrolides highly protein-bound, what does that mean

A

Yes, increases the effectiveness of other protein-bound drugs, can lead to TOXICITY

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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