Antibiotics Pt. 1 Flashcards by Bianca Helfrich

What should you focus on when learns antibiotics

Class and the weird parts of drugs

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Do you need to know the dosing or the type of bacteria when learning antibiotics

Not really

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What are antibiotics

Meds to treat BACTERIAL infections

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What do you need to get before you give an antibiotics

Cultures

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What is empiric therapy

Treatment BEFORE you know what the specific bacteria is

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What is definitive therapy

Treatment AFTER you know what the bacteria is and the meds are tailored

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What is prophylactic therapy

Treatment to PREVENT an infection

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What do you use prophylactic therapy

Surgery or tramus

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What is therapeutic response

Decrease in S+S, getting BETTER

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What is subtherapeutic response

S+S are NOT getting better

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What can you do if you pt has subtherapeutic responses

Change antibiotics

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What is a superinfection

Drug RESISTANT infections

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What is a secondary infection

When you get another infection while treating a different one because the body is weakened and the immune system is taxed

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What are some examples of a superinfection

C. diff, MRSA

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What is therapeuric drug monitoring

Peak and trough levels especially for drugs with low toxicity levels

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What is a dose dependant antibiotic

One time

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What is a time dependant antibiotic

Use over time

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What is a synergistic effect

When drugs work better together than by themselves

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How does antibiotic use promote resistance

Makes it so there can be an overgrowth of bad bacteria

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What type of antibiotics promote resistance

Broad-spectrum meds

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What does MRSA stand for

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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What does VRE stand for

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

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What do bactericidal drugs do

KILL bacteria

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What do bacteriostatic drugs do

INHIBIT growth of bacteria

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Are penicillins a good invention

Yes

Is there a lot of resistance with penicillins

Yes

What is the most common natural penicilln

Penicillin G

What is the penicillinase-resistant drug

NAFcillin

Are penicillins mostly broad spectrum

Yes

What is the aminopenicillin

AMOXicillin

What is the extended-spectrum drugs (penicillins)

PIPERacillin

What type of drugs are extended-spectrum drugs (penicillin)

Broad spectrum

Is PIPERacillin a good synergistic drug

Yes

What is the basic mechanism of action of penicillins

Cell wall disturbances that cause CELL LYSIS, doesn't kill BODY cells

What type of bacteria do you use penicillins for

Gram-POSITIVE bacteria

What are some examples of gram-positive bacteria

Strep, staph

How often do allergic reactions happen with penicillins

0.7-4%

What are some of the allergic reactions to penicillins

Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

What is urticaria

Hives

What is pruritus

Itching

What is angioedema

Swelling

What drug does those allergic to penicillins have an increased risk of allergy to

Cephalosporins

When is the only time that those with a hx of penicillin should not be given cephalosporins

Anaphalysis response (throat swelling or hives)

What should you do if you give a pt who is allergic to penicillins cephalosporins

Monitor closely

What are the common adverse effects of penicillns

GI issues, upset stomach

How can you prevent an upset stomach with penicillins

Probiotics or yogurt

Do penicillins interact with NSAIDs

Yes

What do penicillins do to oral contraceptives

Decrease affectiveness

What does penicillin do to warfarin

Increase effectiveness of warfarin, risk of BLEEDING

What type of drug is wardrin

Antiocoag

What liquid should you take with penicillins and why

Water NOT jucies as the acidicy may null the drugs affectiveness

How long should you monitor pts taking penicillin for an allergic reaction

30 mins

What are the differences between all the generation of cephalosporins

Improved Gram-negative coverage with each generation

What are cephalosporins similar to

Penicillins

What type of action do cephalosporins have

Bactericidal

Are cephalosporins braod spectrum

Yes

What are first generation cephalosporins good at

Gram-positive NOT gram-negative

What are the two first gen cephalosporin drugs

CefaZLOIN, cephaLEXIN

What are first gen cephalorsporins used for

Srugical prophylaxis and staph

What route is cephaLEXIN usally given

Are second generation cephalosporins better at gram-negative coverage

Yes

What cephalosporin generation can kill anaerobes

Second

What cephalosporin generation is the potent against gram-negative baceria

Third

What are the two drugs used in the third generation cephalosporins

CefDINIR, ceftRIAXONE

What is ceftRIAXONE used for

Skin infections, powered, smells

How is ceftriaxone given

IM, long HALF-life, given ONCE a day

How is ceftriaxone eliminated and why does that matter

Hepaticaly, STAYS in system, don't give with LIVER issue, check liver FUNCTION

What type of infections can be treated with cephalosporins

CNS infections because is passes through the meninges

What is the fourth generation cephalosporin drug used for complicated UTIs

CefePIME

What infections can be treated with fifth generation cephalosporins

MRSA

What are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

GI issues, allergic reactions

Is there potential cross-sensitivity with penicillins if allergies exist (cephalosporins)

Yes

Is an allergy to penicillin a contraindication to administration of cephalosporins

Not unless they have had an anaphylsix reaction

What should you do when you take cephalorpsonrins orally

With food

What type of response can cephalosporins have when taken with alcohol

Disulfiram, makes you sick. (Even colone or mouthwash)

What is a disulfiram reaction

Stops alcholism because it makes them SICK

What are carbapenems

The broadest antibacerial, not really used

What are arbapenems used for

Complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections

When can carbapenems cause

Seizure activity

What should you do if you have to give your pt carbapenems

Seizure safety, and proper dose TIME

What are the two carbapenems

IMIpenem and MEROpenem

What is imipenem used for

Treatment of bone infections

Which people have osteomalies and are given imipenem

Diabetics

What is the one miscellaneous antibiotic

Vancomycin

What is the treatment of choice for MRSA and C.diff

Vanco

What must you do when giving vanco

Monitor blood levels to prevent tocivity, assess hearing and urine output (BUN, creatine)

What can vanco cause

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

What else can vanco cause

Red man syndrom

What is red man syndrom

A mild allergic reaction with flushed skin

What should you do when your pt shows red man syndrome

Assess AIRWAY, can give antihistamine, SLOW infusion time

What can rapid infusions of vanco cause

Hypotension

What can furosimide cause

Ototoxicity

What are the three macrolide drugs

ERYTHROmycin, AZITHROmycin, CLARITHROmycin

What is azithromycin known as

Z-pac

What is clarithromycin

Hospital IV

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides

Protein baceriostatic

When are macrolides used

Strep, Repsiratory infections, STDs

What drugs are used for HIV

azithromycin, clarithromycin

What drug is used for the treatment of H pylori

Clarithromycin

What are the adverse effects of macrolides

GI issues (erythromycin), HEPATOXICITY and jaundice

Who should you be careful about for administration of macrolides

People with liver issues

Are macrolides highly protein-bound, what does that mean

Yes, increases the effectiveness of other protein-bound drugs, can lead to TOXICITY