Antibiotics Pt. 2 Flashcards
What are Sulfonamides
Synertistic with bactrim, broad spectrum
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides
Bacteriostatic
What is sulfonamides used to treat
UTI caused by HIV and STAPH
What are the adverse effects of sulfonamides
Anemia, photosensitvity, hepatotoxicity
Which pt will you be care about giving sulfonamides to
Pts with kidneys issues (erthropoyetein), and liver issues
What are the nursing implications of sulfonamides
Maintain fluid status 2/3,000 mL, assess RBC, with FOOD
What are the two tetracycline drugs
TETRAcycline, DOXYcycline
What does doxycycline treat
acne
What is the method of actions of tetracyclines
Bacteriostatic
What should you avoid with tetracyclines
Dairy products because it binds to Ca and pts won’t get the nutrients
Who should not take tetracyclines
Children under 8 and pregnate women (tooth discoloration)
Is tetracyclines wide spectrum
Yes
What can tetracyclines do if taken while pregnate
Retard fetal skeletal development
What are the adverse effects of tetracyclines
Secondary infections, yeast infections
What should you avoid with tetracyclines
Milk, iron, sunlight
What is aminoglycosides
Bad PO absorption, serious TOXICITIES
What are the three aminoglycosides
GENTAmicin, NEOmycin, TOBRAmycin
What is aminoglycosides used for
E.coli, synergistic
When are aminoglycosides used
Decontaminate the GI tract before surgery, enemas
What can the toxicities of aminoglycosides do
Nephro and oto
How do you check for nephrotoxicity
Urine output and BUN and creatin
What must you do with aminoglycosides
Monitor blood levels
What are quinolones reduced by
antacids and dairy, need acidity
What are the three quinolones
CIPROfloxacin, LEVOfloxacin, MOXIfloxacin
Do quinolones affect human DNA
NO
What are quinolones used to treat
antrharx
What are the adverse effects of quinolones
Cardiac, ruptured tendons **
What should you think about if an older adult who is on quinolones tells you their legs hurt
IMPORTANT
What are the miscellaneous antibiotics
Clindamycin, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, vanco
What is special about alindamycin
Causes C.diff, interacts with vecuronium (paralyzing)
What is special about metronidazole
Antibuse effect
What is special about nitrofurantoin
Use carefully with renal and liver issues
What are the nursing implications of giving drugs
Allergies, immune status, contraindicaitons, interactions, cultures, adhere, superinfections, check names
What is tall man lettering
Differation of classes
What are the most common adverse effects of antibiotics
N+V+D, give PROBIOTIC
What can it mean if you get a negative culutre
Local infection
Can a virus replicate on its own
No it takes over a cell to do it
Why are viruses hard to kill
Because they are in the cell can we have to kill both
What do antiviral meds do
Inhibit replication
What are the common viruses controlled by antiviral therapy
CMV, hepatits, herpes, HIV, flu, RSV
What are some of the actions of antivirals
Enter virated cell or stimulate the body’s immune system
Which pts hav ethe best responses to antiviral meds
Competent immune systems
What are antiviral drugs
Used to treat infections caused by viruses OTHER than HIV
What are antiretroviral drugs
Treat infections CAUSED by HIV
What are the adverse effects of antiviral drugs
Kills healthy cells which can lead to serious toxicities
What is amantoadine used for
Was flu A, NOT recommend, Off label for PARKINSON’s
What is sepcial about rimantadine
Less CNS effects
What is acyclovir used for
Herpes and chiken poxes, lessen the affects and time of healing
What is oseltamivir used for
Treatment of flu ONLY if symptoms have been less than 2 days
What is HIV
retrovirus
How is HIV transmitted
Sex, IV use, mother to child
What are the 4 stages of HIV infection
Asymoptomatic, general, moderate, severe
What are antiretroviral drugs
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
What is HAART
At least three meds, COCKTAIL
What are the two types of antiretroviral drugs
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs)
What is the goal of antiretroviral drugs
Find the best regimen that controls the infections without bad side effects, it can change
What are the nursing implications of meds
Underlying disease, history, baseline, nutrition, contraindications, hand washing, gloves, other meds, get meds right at the beginning of herpes, monitor good and bad effects
What do antiviral meds do
manage symptoms
