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Pathopharm > Dysfunctions of the Immune System > Flashcards

Dysfunctions of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Do infectious diseases declined where vaccination rates are high

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is herd immunity

A

If they all got the jab then I don’t have to

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3
Q

What there is more herd immunity what are there more of

A

Outbreaks, measles, mupmps

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4
Q

What diseases are we still tyring to make vaccines for

A

AIDS, malaria, TB

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5
Q

What is an emerging infectious disesase

A

Newly indentifies in a population

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6
Q

What is a re-emerging infectious disease

A

Previously under contol

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7
Q

How does re-emerging infectious diseases happen

A

No consistence in vaccinations, drug resistance

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8
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity

A

Allergic reactions

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9
Q

What are allergic reactions caused by

A

Allergens, develop IgEs

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10
Q

What are the complications of allergic reactions

A

Anaphylaxis (over reaction)

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11
Q

What are some common allergic situations

A

Hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, asthma

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12
Q

What can anaphylaxid lead to

A

shock

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13
Q

What happens in anaphylaxis

A

Life-threatening, decreased BP from HISTAMINE, AIRWAY obstruction, HYPOXIA, EDEMA

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14
Q

What does histamine do

A

Vasodialator, increases HR and premeability

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15
Q

What are the common causes of anaphylexia

A

Latex, insects, nuts, shellfish, drugs

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16
Q

What are the S+S of anaphylaxis

A

Itching, coughing, difficluty breathing, weakness, dizzy, edema, FEAR, hives, collapse

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17
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis

A

First aid, EPIPEN, 9-1-1

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18
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis in the ER

A

epi, glucocorticoids, antihistamines, O2, stablize BP

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19
Q

Why give glucocorticoids for anayphylaxis

A

Reduces immune functions

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20
Q

Why give antihistamines

A

vasoconstrict

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21
Q

What are autoimmune disorders caused by

A

Develope antibodies aginst OWN cells, loss of self-TOLERANCE

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22
Q

Do autoimmune disorders affect just single organs

A

Yes and no

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23
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic inflammatory disease that affects alot of ORGANS

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24
Q

What is the butterfly rash indicative of

A

Lupus

25
Q

Who is affected by lupus

A

young women

26
Q

What about SLE can cause impairment of blood supply to the tissues

A

Vasculitis

27
Q

What are the common S+S of SLE

A

Arthralgia, fatigue, malaise, cardiovascular, polyuria

28
Q

What tests can be done for SLE

A

blood work

29
Q

What is the treatment for SLE

A

Rheumatologist, prednisone, NSAIDs

30
Q

What is presnisone

A

Glucocorticoid

31
Q

What is immunodeficiency

A

Parial or toatl LOSS of some of the immune system compnents

32
Q

What does immunodeficiency increased the risk of

A

Infection and cancer

33
Q

What are primary deficiencies

A

Immune issues from development

34
Q

What is secondary or acquired immunodeficiencies

A

From a specific causes such as infections, malnutrition, disease, drugs, chemotherapy

35
Q

When will prophylactic antimicrobials be used for immunosuppressant peopl

A

before procedures

36
Q

What is AIDS

A

chronic infectious disease caused by HIV

37
Q

What does HIV do

A

destroys helper T cellsCD4 lymphocytes

38
Q

What can AIDs increase the risk of

A

Secondary infections and cancer

39
Q

Does AIDS have a latent period

A

Yes because the cD4 cell levels stay up

40
Q

What can suppress the development of AIDS

A

Antivirals

41
Q

What is a HIV-positive individual

A

Virus is in the body but they have no evidence

42
Q

What is AIDS

A

Marked clinical symptoms

43
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

Bodily fluids

44
Q

What does diagnostic tests look at

A

blood tests for HIV antibodies

45
Q

What is the three stage process for diagnostic tests

A

Presence, different antibodies, NUCLEIC ACID TEST to confirm

46
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS

A

lymphadenophathy, weakness, headache, arthralgia, GI infections, ENCEPHALOPATHY

47
Q

What is encrphalopathy

A

AIDS dementia and infection of brain cells

48
Q

What is the primary cause of death for AIDS

A

secondary infections

49
Q

Why are secondary infecitions common for people with AIDS

A

They can’t fight off, they have multiople and they are long and severe

50
Q

Is drug treatment for secondary infecitions with AIDS pts effective

A

No

51
Q

What are some common esecondary infections with AIDS

A

pneumocystis, herpes, candida, TB

52
Q

Is there an increased incidence of all cancers with AIDS

A

yes

53
Q

What are the markers of cancer with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma and non-hodgkins lymphoma

54
Q

What is kaposi sarcoma

A

Affects skin, patches on skin

55
Q

What is non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

Purple or brown pathes, become nodular

56
Q

What are the treatments of AIDS

A

Drug cocktails and expensive

57
Q

What are NNRTIs

A

prevents RNA conversion to DNA

58
Q

What are NRTIs

A

active inhibitors of reverse transcriptase found in HIV

59
Q

What is dyphenhydramine

A

Denadrly

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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