Dysfunctions of the Immune System Flashcards
Do infectious diseases declined where vaccination rates are high
Yes
What is herd immunity
If they all got the jab then I don’t have to
What there is more herd immunity what are there more of
Outbreaks, measles, mupmps
What diseases are we still tyring to make vaccines for
AIDS, malaria, TB
What is an emerging infectious disesase
Newly indentifies in a population
What is a re-emerging infectious disease
Previously under contol
How does re-emerging infectious diseases happen
No consistence in vaccinations, drug resistance
What is type I hypersensitivity
Allergic reactions
What are allergic reactions caused by
Allergens, develop IgEs
What are the complications of allergic reactions
Anaphylaxis (over reaction)
What are some common allergic situations
Hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, asthma
What can anaphylaxid lead to
shock
What happens in anaphylaxis
Life-threatening, decreased BP from HISTAMINE, AIRWAY obstruction, HYPOXIA, EDEMA
What does histamine do
Vasodialator, increases HR and premeability
What are the common causes of anaphylexia
Latex, insects, nuts, shellfish, drugs
What are the S+S of anaphylaxis
Itching, coughing, difficluty breathing, weakness, dizzy, edema, FEAR, hives, collapse
What is the treatment of anaphylaxis
First aid, EPIPEN, 9-1-1
What is the treatment of anaphylaxis in the ER
epi, glucocorticoids, antihistamines, O2, stablize BP
Why give glucocorticoids for anayphylaxis
Reduces immune functions
Why give antihistamines
vasoconstrict
What are autoimmune disorders caused by
Develope antibodies aginst OWN cells, loss of self-TOLERANCE
Do autoimmune disorders affect just single organs
Yes and no
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic inflammatory disease that affects alot of ORGANS
What is the butterfly rash indicative of
Lupus
Who is affected by lupus
young women
What about SLE can cause impairment of blood supply to the tissues
Vasculitis
What are the common S+S of SLE
Arthralgia, fatigue, malaise, cardiovascular, polyuria
What tests can be done for SLE
blood work
What is the treatment for SLE
Rheumatologist, prednisone, NSAIDs
What is presnisone
Glucocorticoid
What is immunodeficiency
Parial or toatl LOSS of some of the immune system compnents
What does immunodeficiency increased the risk of
Infection and cancer
What are primary deficiencies
Immune issues from development
What is secondary or acquired immunodeficiencies
From a specific causes such as infections, malnutrition, disease, drugs, chemotherapy
When will prophylactic antimicrobials be used for immunosuppressant peopl
before procedures
What is AIDS
chronic infectious disease caused by HIV
What does HIV do
destroys helper T cellsCD4 lymphocytes
What can AIDs increase the risk of
Secondary infections and cancer
Does AIDS have a latent period
Yes because the cD4 cell levels stay up
What can suppress the development of AIDS
Antivirals
What is a HIV-positive individual
Virus is in the body but they have no evidence
What is AIDS
Marked clinical symptoms
How is HIV transmitted
Bodily fluids
What does diagnostic tests look at
blood tests for HIV antibodies
What is the three stage process for diagnostic tests
Presence, different antibodies, NUCLEIC ACID TEST to confirm
What are the clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS
lymphadenophathy, weakness, headache, arthralgia, GI infections, ENCEPHALOPATHY
What is encrphalopathy
AIDS dementia and infection of brain cells
What is the primary cause of death for AIDS
secondary infections
Why are secondary infecitions common for people with AIDS
They can’t fight off, they have multiople and they are long and severe
Is drug treatment for secondary infecitions with AIDS pts effective
No
What are some common esecondary infections with AIDS
pneumocystis, herpes, candida, TB
Is there an increased incidence of all cancers with AIDS
yes
What are the markers of cancer with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma and non-hodgkins lymphoma
What is kaposi sarcoma
Affects skin, patches on skin
What is non-hodgkin lymphoma
Purple or brown pathes, become nodular
What are the treatments of AIDS
Drug cocktails and expensive
What are NNRTIs
prevents RNA conversion to DNA
What are NRTIs
active inhibitors of reverse transcriptase found in HIV
What is dyphenhydramine
Denadrly
