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Pharmacokinetic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rights to drug administration

A

PATIENT, DRUG, DOES, TIME, ROUTE, DOCUMENTATION, EDUCATION, REFUSE

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2
Q

If a patient refuses what must you document

A

That you educated them

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3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

The impact of the body of the drugs

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4
Q

Where does most of the meatbolism occur in the body

A

The liver

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5
Q

Where does most of the exceretion occur

A

the kidney’s create urine

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6
Q

Is a lipid souluable or water soluable drug more likely to pass through a cell

A

The lipidsoluable

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7
Q

What is the most common mechanism of transport

A

Direct penetration

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8
Q

Which mechanism of transport is very small

A

passage through channels or pores

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9
Q

What mechanisms of transport uses a protein

A

Passage with aid of transport system

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10
Q

Why is direct penetration the most common mechanism of transport

A

most drugs are too bid, they lack a transport system, they must be lipid soluble

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11
Q

What is an example of drugs that can use channels and pores

A

potassium and sodium

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12
Q

Can water (a polarized molecule) penetrate cellular membranes

A

Nope

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13
Q

T/F cell membranes are polar

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Can ions penetrate cellular membranse

A

nope

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15
Q

Relating to pH what are most drugs

A

weak acids or weak bases

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16
Q

What is absorption

A

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the BLOOD

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17
Q

If there is a blockage in the blood flow what will that effective

A

Absorption

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18
Q

What factors affect absorption

A

rate of dissolution, surface area, lipid solubility, pH

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19
Q

If your pill has extended release and you just ate what will that affect

A

rate of dissolution

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20
Q

What is the enteral route

A

via the GI tract

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21
Q

How long does the enteral route take

A

45-60 minutes

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22
Q

What is the parenteral route

A

injections

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23
Q

You just started an IV how long will it take to start

A

10-15 minutes

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24
Q

What are different types of injections

A

IV, SubQ, IM

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25
What are two other routes
topical, or inhaller
26
What are some disadvantages to oral admnistration
variable ABSORPTION, inactivated by ACID, LIVER, pt. ADHERENCE, IRRITATION
27
What are the advantages to oral administration
safe, east, inexpensive
28
What is the isadvanges to parental administration
high COST, INCONVENIENT, IRREVERSIBILITY, OVERLOAD, INFACTION, EMNOLISM
29
What are the advantages to parental administration
RAPID onset, CONTOLL amount, pt who won't take PILLS
30
What is distribution
Movement of drugs throughout the body
31
What transports drugs to tissues and organs
blood
32
What is the 1st pass effect
medications get inactivated by the liver
33
You have a pt come in with heart attack (MI), you give nitroglycerin, what should you keep in mind?
Nitroglycerin is affected by the 1st pass effect, you can do a sublingual chewable tab to by pass this effect
34
What is the difference between a typical cappilary bed and the BBB
Typical cappilary beds have large gaps for lipid soluble drugs while the BBB has tight junctions and transport systems (lipids can still move through
35
Can drug form reversible bonds with carious proteins
Yes They form reversible bonds
36
What is the most abundant protein
Albumin
37
If your pt. has high drug absorption how would you describe them
hypoablnuminemia
38
If no drug is working for your pt how would you describe them
Hyperalbuminemia
39
Why does albumin stay in the blood stream
It's a large molecule
40
If a drug is bound to albumin will it be effective
No, because it will never make it out of the blood stream
41
Why is it important to adjust drug doses after looking at albumin levels
Because it dictates how effective a drug will be
42
What is metabolism
Bioransformation: chamical alteration of drug structure
43
Where does most metabolism take place
in the liver
44
What is biotransformation
body systems alter drug structure for use
45
What should you know about the 12 related enzyme families
They are genetic variations, 20-30% drug effectivness, could increase or decrease side effects
46
Is a 3 month olf's liver fully developed
No, they don't fully develope untill age 1
47
Why does nutritional status impact metabolizing enzymes
Protein is related to albumin
48
What happens between drugs when pts have a lot of drugs
They have to compete for pathways
49
What is excretion
The removal of drugs from the body
50
What accounts for the majority of drug excretion
the kidneys
51
What determines renal drug excretion
how well the kidneys are functioning
52
What is glomerular filtration
it moves drugs from blood to tubular urine; protein bound drugs remain in blood
53
Why does what remain in urine
because ions and polar compounds (water)
54
Which compounds undergo passive reabsorption in the kidneys
lipid soluble drugs
55
What should you understand about the glomerular filtration
in different aresa different things move in and out in different ways
56
What determines how well the kidneys are functioning
glomerular filtration
57
What are the three non-renal routes of drug excretion
breast milk, bile, and lungs
58
What is the minimum effective concentrations (MEC)
The plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur
59
If a drug does not reach the MEC will it work
No, it must be above to work
60
What is toxic concetration
plasma level where toxic effects begin
61
What is therapeutic range
The range between MEC and toxic concentration
62
What is a drugs half-life
The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
63
Why is a drugs half-life importnat
drugs could build up if not excreted (look at urine), and you need to know when to give the drug at the right time

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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