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Pathopharm > Pharmacokinetic > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rights to drug administration

A

PATIENT, DRUG, DOES, TIME, ROUTE, DOCUMENTATION, EDUCATION, REFUSE

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2
Q

If a patient refuses what must you document

A

That you educated them

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3
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

The impact of the body of the drugs

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4
Q

Where does most of the meatbolism occur in the body

A

The liver

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5
Q

Where does most of the exceretion occur

A

the kidney’s create urine

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6
Q

Is a lipid souluable or water soluable drug more likely to pass through a cell

A

The lipidsoluable

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7
Q

What is the most common mechanism of transport

A

Direct penetration

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8
Q

Which mechanism of transport is very small

A

passage through channels or pores

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9
Q

What mechanisms of transport uses a protein

A

Passage with aid of transport system

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10
Q

Why is direct penetration the most common mechanism of transport

A

most drugs are too bid, they lack a transport system, they must be lipid soluble

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11
Q

What is an example of drugs that can use channels and pores

A

potassium and sodium

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12
Q

Can water (a polarized molecule) penetrate cellular membranes

A

Nope

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13
Q

T/F cell membranes are polar

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Can ions penetrate cellular membranse

A

nope

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15
Q

Relating to pH what are most drugs

A

weak acids or weak bases

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16
Q

What is absorption

A

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the BLOOD

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17
Q

If there is a blockage in the blood flow what will that effective

A

Absorption

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18
Q

What factors affect absorption

A

rate of dissolution, surface area, lipid solubility, pH

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19
Q

If your pill has extended release and you just ate what will that affect

A

rate of dissolution

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20
Q

What is the enteral route

A

via the GI tract

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21
Q

How long does the enteral route take

A

45-60 minutes

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22
Q

What is the parenteral route

A

injections

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23
Q

You just started an IV how long will it take to start

A

10-15 minutes

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24
Q

What are different types of injections

A

IV, SubQ, IM

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25
Q

What are two other routes

A

topical, or inhaller

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26
Q

What are some disadvantages to oral admnistration

A

variable ABSORPTION, inactivated by ACID, LIVER, pt. ADHERENCE, IRRITATION

27
Q

What are the advantages to oral administration

A

safe, east, inexpensive

28
Q

What is the isadvanges to parental administration

A

high COST, INCONVENIENT, IRREVERSIBILITY, OVERLOAD, INFACTION, EMNOLISM

29
Q

What are the advantages to parental administration

A

RAPID onset, CONTOLL amount, pt who won’t take PILLS

30
Q

What is distribution

A

Movement of drugs throughout the body

31
Q

What transports drugs to tissues and organs

A

blood

32
Q

What is the 1st pass effect

A

medications get inactivated by the liver

33
Q

You have a pt come in with heart attack (MI), you give nitroglycerin, what should you keep in mind?

A

Nitroglycerin is affected by the 1st pass effect, you can do a sublingual chewable tab to by pass this effect

34
Q

What is the difference between a typical cappilary bed and the BBB

A

Typical cappilary beds have large gaps for lipid soluble drugs while the BBB has tight junctions and transport systems (lipids can still move through

35
Q

Can drug form reversible bonds with carious proteins

A

Yes They form reversible bonds

36
Q

What is the most abundant protein

A

Albumin

37
Q

If your pt. has high drug absorption how would you describe them

A

hypoablnuminemia

38
Q

If no drug is working for your pt how would you describe them

A

Hyperalbuminemia

39
Q

Why does albumin stay in the blood stream

A

It’s a large molecule

40
Q

If a drug is bound to albumin will it be effective

A

No, because it will never make it out of the blood stream

41
Q

Why is it important to adjust drug doses after looking at albumin levels

A

Because it dictates how effective a drug will be

42
Q

What is metabolism

A

Bioransformation: chamical alteration of drug structure

43
Q

Where does most metabolism take place

A

in the liver

44
Q

What is biotransformation

A

body systems alter drug structure for use

45
Q

What should you know about the 12 related enzyme families

A

They are genetic variations, 20-30% drug effectivness, could increase or decrease side effects

46
Q

Is a 3 month olf’s liver fully developed

A

No, they don’t fully develope untill age 1

47
Q

Why does nutritional status impact metabolizing enzymes

A

Protein is related to albumin

48
Q

What happens between drugs when pts have a lot of drugs

A

They have to compete for pathways

49
Q

What is excretion

A

The removal of drugs from the body

50
Q

What accounts for the majority of drug excretion

A

the kidneys

51
Q

What determines renal drug excretion

A

how well the kidneys are functioning

52
Q

What is glomerular filtration

A

it moves drugs from blood to tubular urine; protein bound drugs remain in blood

53
Q

Why does what remain in urine

A

because ions and polar compounds (water)

54
Q

Which compounds undergo passive reabsorption in the kidneys

A

lipid soluble drugs

55
Q

What should you understand about the glomerular filtration

A

in different aresa different things move in and out in different ways

56
Q

What determines how well the kidneys are functioning

A

glomerular filtration

57
Q

What are the three non-renal routes of drug excretion

A

breast milk, bile, and lungs

58
Q

What is the minimum effective concentrations (MEC)

A

The plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur

59
Q

If a drug does not reach the MEC will it work

A

No, it must be above to work

60
Q

What is toxic concetration

A

plasma level where toxic effects begin

61
Q

What is therapeutic range

A

The range between MEC and toxic concentration

62
Q

What is a drugs half-life

A

The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

63
Q

Why is a drugs half-life importnat

A

drugs could build up if not excreted (look at urine), and you need to know when to give the drug at the right time

Pathopharm (8 decks)

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