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Pathopharm > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fange of a pH scale

A

0-14

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2
Q

What are the pH numbers a factor of

A

10

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3
Q

What is the normal body fluid pH

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

What range can death happen related pH

A

6.8-7.8

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5
Q

Are there more or less hydrogen ions in acidosis

A

More

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6
Q

Are there more or less hydrogen ions in alkalosis

A

Less

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7
Q

What does acidosis do to K

A

H ions accumulate in the ECF (blood), K shift OUT of the cell and into the ECF (blood)

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8
Q

What does alkalosis do to K

A

H ions accumulate in the ICF, K shifts into the cell

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9
Q

What responses to pH changes immediately

A

Buffer pairs

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10
Q

What is the quickest way to control serium pH

A

The respiratory system

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11
Q

How does the respiratory system change pH

A

Alter CO2 (carbonic acid) in the body by changing the respiratory rate

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12
Q

What is the most significant control mechanism of pH

A

The kidneys can modify the excretion rate of acids and the production and absorption of bicarbonate ions

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13
Q

Are the kidney fast or slow to changing the pH

A

slow

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14
Q

What are acids

A

End products of protein, carb, and fat metabolism (waste)

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15
Q

What must have to the H ion to maintain the body’s normal pH

A

It must be NEUTRALIZED or EXCREATED

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16
Q

What three things are invovled in the regulation of acid and base balance

A

RBCs, lungs, kidneys

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17
Q

What is a buffer

A

Combination of a weak acid and alkaline salt

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18
Q

What do buffers do

A

Either collects or releases H ion

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19
Q

What is the top buffer system

A

Sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

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20
Q

What is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid

A

20:1

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21
Q

If the amount of bicarb decreases what happens to the pH

A

decreases

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22
Q

What is it called if the amount of bicarb decreases making the pH decrease but then the amount of carbonic acid also decreases to stabilize the pH

A

Compensation

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23
Q

What does the lab value of pH mean

A

acid-base balance

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24
Q

What does the lab value of PaCO2

A

Lungs

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25
What does the lab value of HCO3
Kidneys
26
What does the lab value of PaO2 mean
Oxygenation of blood
27
What is acidosis
EXCESS H ions, DECREASE in pH
28
What is alkalosis
DEFICT of H ions, INCREASE in pH
29
What is respiratory acidosis
Increase in carbon dioxide levels
30
What is metabolic acidosis
Decrease in bicarb ions
31
What is respiratory alkalosis
Decrease in carbon dioxide levels
32
What is metabolic alkalosis
Loss of H ions through kidneys/GI tract
33
What is the normal range of bicarb (HCO3)
22-26
34
What does it mean if HCO3 is less than 22
Metabolic acidosis
35
What does it mean if HCO3 is greater than 26
Metabolic alkalosis
36
What is the normal range of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
35-45
37
What does it mean if PaCO2 is less than 35
Respiratory alkalosis
38
What does it mean if PaCO2 is greater than 45
Respiratory acidosis
39
What causes respiratory acidosis
Slow shallow breathing
40
What causes respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
41
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis
Excrete more H ions and reabsorb more bicarb
42
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis
Excrete less H ions and reabsorb less bicarb
43
What causes metabolic acidosis
Shock, renal failure, diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis
44
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis
Rapid deep breathes
45
What causes metabolic alkalosis
vomiting, excessive antacid intake
46
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis
Slow shallow breathes
47
What are the acute problems that can cause respiratory acidosis
airway obstruction, drugs that depress the respiratory control center
48
What are the chronic problems that can cause respiratory acidosis
COPD
49
What are the syptoms of respiratory acidosis
dizzy, warm flushed skin, dyspnea, tachycardic
50
What is the treatment of respiratory acidosis
Establish airway, treat cause, hyperventilate the patient
51
What are the specific causes of metabolic acidosis
diarrhea (loss of bicarb), renal disease or failure (dialysis), don't excreat acids or produce bicarb
52
What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis
altered breathing, weakness, hyperkalemia, reduced cardiac output
53
What is the treament for metabolic acidosis
Treat the cause, give sodium bicarb
54
What are the effects of acidosis
Headache, weak, confused, coma, death
55
What is the compensation for acidosis
Deep rapid breathing, acidic peeing
56
What are the spesifc causes of respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation, anxiety, overdoes of ASPRIN, head injuries, brain stem tumor
57
What are the symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
Rapid shallow breathing, numbness, sweating, dizzy
58
What is the treament of respiratory alkalosis
Treat the cause, usally fever
59
What are the spesific causes of metabolic alkalosis
Increase in bicarb, loss of acid from stomach, hypokalemia, too many antacids
60
What are the symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
irritability, confusion, tingling, hyperactive reflexes
61
What is the treatments of metabolic alkalosis
Treat the cause, don't suction, anti comit meds
62
What are the treatments of imbalances
Treat CAUSE, corrective FLUIDS, add BICARB, DIET (avoid potassium)
63
What is compensation
Limited and short term change in buffers, respiration, or renal function to balance, does NOT fix the cause
64
What happens when there is decompensation
EMERGENCY, problems are SEVERE, MORE issues, FAILURE to compensate
65
What will the pH level be if it is compensated
Normal

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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