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Pathopharm > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fange of a pH scale

A

0-14

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2
Q

What are the pH numbers a factor of

A

10

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3
Q

What is the normal body fluid pH

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

What range can death happen related pH

A

6.8-7.8

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5
Q

Are there more or less hydrogen ions in acidosis

A

More

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6
Q

Are there more or less hydrogen ions in alkalosis

A

Less

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7
Q

What does acidosis do to K

A

H ions accumulate in the ECF (blood), K shift OUT of the cell and into the ECF (blood)

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8
Q

What does alkalosis do to K

A

H ions accumulate in the ICF, K shifts into the cell

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9
Q

What responses to pH changes immediately

A

Buffer pairs

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10
Q

What is the quickest way to control serium pH

A

The respiratory system

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11
Q

How does the respiratory system change pH

A

Alter CO2 (carbonic acid) in the body by changing the respiratory rate

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12
Q

What is the most significant control mechanism of pH

A

The kidneys can modify the excretion rate of acids and the production and absorption of bicarbonate ions

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13
Q

Are the kidney fast or slow to changing the pH

A

slow

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14
Q

What are acids

A

End products of protein, carb, and fat metabolism (waste)

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15
Q

What must have to the H ion to maintain the body’s normal pH

A

It must be NEUTRALIZED or EXCREATED

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16
Q

What three things are invovled in the regulation of acid and base balance

A

RBCs, lungs, kidneys

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17
Q

What is a buffer

A

Combination of a weak acid and alkaline salt

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18
Q

What do buffers do

A

Either collects or releases H ion

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19
Q

What is the top buffer system

A

Sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

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20
Q

What is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid

A

20:1

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21
Q

If the amount of bicarb decreases what happens to the pH

A

decreases

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22
Q

What is it called if the amount of bicarb decreases making the pH decrease but then the amount of carbonic acid also decreases to stabilize the pH

A

Compensation

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23
Q

What does the lab value of pH mean

A

acid-base balance

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24
Q

What does the lab value of PaCO2

A

Lungs

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25
Q

What does the lab value of HCO3

A

Kidneys

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26
Q

What does the lab value of PaO2 mean

A

Oxygenation of blood

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27
Q

What is acidosis

A

EXCESS H ions, DECREASE in pH

28
Q

What is alkalosis

A

DEFICT of H ions, INCREASE in pH

29
Q

What is respiratory acidosis

A

Increase in carbon dioxide levels

30
Q

What is metabolic acidosis

A

Decrease in bicarb ions

31
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis

A

Decrease in carbon dioxide levels

32
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis

A

Loss of H ions through kidneys/GI tract

33
Q

What is the normal range of bicarb (HCO3)

A

22-26

34
Q

What does it mean if HCO3 is less than 22

A

Metabolic acidosis

35
Q

What does it mean if HCO3 is greater than 26

A

Metabolic alkalosis

36
Q

What is the normal range of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

A

35-45

37
Q

What does it mean if PaCO2 is less than 35

A

Respiratory alkalosis

38
Q

What does it mean if PaCO2 is greater than 45

A

Respiratory acidosis

39
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis

A

Slow shallow breathing

40
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

41
Q

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis

A

Excrete more H ions and reabsorb more bicarb

42
Q

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis

A

Excrete less H ions and reabsorb less bicarb

43
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis

A

Shock, renal failure, diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis

44
Q

How do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

Rapid deep breathes

45
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting, excessive antacid intake

46
Q

How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

Slow shallow breathes

47
Q

What are the acute problems that can cause respiratory acidosis

A

airway obstruction, drugs that depress the respiratory control center

48
Q

What are the chronic problems that can cause respiratory acidosis

A

COPD

49
Q

What are the syptoms of respiratory acidosis

A

dizzy, warm flushed skin, dyspnea, tachycardic

50
Q

What is the treatment of respiratory acidosis

A

Establish airway, treat cause, hyperventilate the patient

51
Q

What are the specific causes of metabolic acidosis

A

diarrhea (loss of bicarb), renal disease or failure (dialysis), don’t excreat acids or produce bicarb

52
Q

What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A

altered breathing, weakness, hyperkalemia, reduced cardiac output

53
Q

What is the treament for metabolic acidosis

A

Treat the cause, give sodium bicarb

54
Q

What are the effects of acidosis

A

Headache, weak, confused, coma, death

55
Q

What is the compensation for acidosis

A

Deep rapid breathing, acidic peeing

56
Q

What are the spesifc causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation, anxiety, overdoes of ASPRIN, head injuries, brain stem tumor

57
Q

What are the symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

Rapid shallow breathing, numbness, sweating, dizzy

58
Q

What is the treament of respiratory alkalosis

A

Treat the cause, usally fever

59
Q

What are the spesific causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Increase in bicarb, loss of acid from stomach, hypokalemia, too many antacids

60
Q

What are the symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A

irritability, confusion, tingling, hyperactive reflexes

61
Q

What is the treatments of metabolic alkalosis

A

Treat the cause, don’t suction, anti comit meds

62
Q

What are the treatments of imbalances

A

Treat CAUSE, corrective FLUIDS, add BICARB, DIET (avoid potassium)

63
Q

What is compensation

A

Limited and short term change in buffers, respiration, or renal function to balance, does NOT fix the cause

64
Q

What happens when there is decompensation

A

EMERGENCY, problems are SEVERE, MORE issues, FAILURE to compensate

65
Q

What will the pH level be if it is compensated

A

Normal

Pathopharm (8 decks)

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