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Pathopharm > BP, RAAS Medications, Vasodilators > Flashcards

BP, RAAS Medications, Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

What is BP

A

The pressure in the aorta caused by the left bentricle as blood is pumped

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2
Q

What is systolic BP

A

The pressure the the arterials durign contraction

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3
Q

What is diastolic BP

A

The pressure in the arterials during relaxation

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4
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

The average pressure in the arteries, 70-100

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5
Q

What is <120/<80

A

normal

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6
Q

What is >140/>90

A

Stage 2 hypertension

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7
Q

What is 120-129/<80

A

Elevated

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8
Q

What is >180/>120

A

Hypertensive crisis

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9
Q

What is 130-139/80-89

A

Stage 1 hypertension

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10
Q

How can you manage BP

A

Stress managment, rest, diet-low sodium, exercise, no smoking

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11
Q

What are baroreceptos

A

Stretch receptors in blood vessels

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12
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension

A

Decrease in BP when standing

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13
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension caused by

A

IMmobility, volume loss, meds

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for orthostatic hypotension

A

older, dehydration, pregnant

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A

Dizzy, syncope

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16
Q

What are the treatements for orthostatic hypotension

A

Slow transitions, fluid adjustments, meds, sitting at the edge of the bed, GAIT BELT

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17
Q

What is primary/idiopathic hypertension

A

Chronic and progressive, with NO acute SYMPTOMS

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18
Q

What are some pathological causes of HTN

A

peripheral resistance, defect in sodium excretion, high metabolic demand, smooth muscle hypertrphy

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19
Q

What is peripheral resistance

A

Build up of plaque

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20
Q

What can a defect in sodium excretion do

A

INcrease the amount of vluids, elevat renin

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21
Q

What can high metabolic demands from an increase of body mass do

A

Increased cardiovascular work

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22
Q

What can cause smooth muscle hypertryphy

A

Sodium accumulation

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23
Q

Is there any symtpoms of HTN

A

NO, check BP

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24
Q

Why do African Americans have a higher chance of HTN

A

PRoduce less renin

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25
Q

When is HTN more common for men

A

before 45

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26
Q

When is HTN more common for women

A

after 64, estrogen levels

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27
Q

Is HTN a side effect of oral contraceptives

A

There is a higher risk

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28
Q

Who have the poorest BP control

A

women 70-79

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29
Q

What is secondary HTN

A

From identifiable cause, treat cause

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30
Q

What is malignant HTN

A

Rapid, diastolic >120, potential STROKE

31
Q

What are some lifestyle changes to treat HTN

A

sodium restriction diet (DASH): 2g per day

32
Q

What are the medicaiton options for HTN

A

RAAS or direct vasodilators

33
Q

What are the meds that are active with RAAS

A

ACE-I, ARB, deirect renin inhibitors, aldosterone antagonists

34
Q

What does the RAAS system do

A

Regulate BP, blood volume, fluid and electrolyte balance

35
Q

Explain the RAAS system

A

Liver secretes angiotensinogen, when BP or volume drops renin is releseased from the kidneys, creates angiotension I (ACE-I), ACE releases from lungs to form angiotensi II, That releases aldosterone and constricts vasoconstriction

36
Q

How do ACE-I work

A

Reduce levels of angiotension II

37
Q

What are the adverse effects of ACE-I

A

dry nonproductive cough, hyperkalemia, renal failure, angioedema (AIRWAY), fetal injury

38
Q

What do ACE-I end in

A

PRIL

39
Q

What is the ACE-I drug to know

A

Lisinopril

40
Q

What do ARBs do

A

Block access of angiotensin II to receptors in blood vessels, cause DILATION, reduce excretion of potassium, prevents changes in STRUCTURE (heart failure)

41
Q

What do ARBs end in

A

SARTAN

42
Q

What is the ARB drug to know

A

Losartan

43
Q

What do direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) do

A

Directly effect, binds to renin

44
Q

What are the things to do with DRIs

A

Avoid high fats

45
Q

What is an example of aldosterone antagonists

A

Sporlactions

46
Q

What are aldosterone antagonists used to treat

A

HYpertension and heart failure

47
Q

What do aldosterone antagonist do

A

BLock receptros for aldosterone, promote retention of potassoim and excretion of water

48
Q

What should you know about spironlactone

A

Affects hormones

49
Q

What about eplerenone

A

Less effects

50
Q

Can you have more than 1 RAAS med

A

NO

51
Q

What do vasodilators do

A

Reduce resistance and workload, dialates CORONARY vessels

52
Q

What are the adverse effects of vasodilators

A

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, HEADACHE

53
Q

What is hydralazine used ofr

A

HTN, it is an arterial dilator

54
Q

What are the dise effects of hydralazine

A

Headache

55
Q

What other meds should you have when using hydralazine

A

Beta blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia, and diuretics to prevent water retention

56
Q

What is sodium nitropusside used for

A

FAST-acting, IV infusion

57
Q

What is the major side effect of sodium nitroprusside

A

Excressive hypotension, MONITOR

58
Q

What symtpoms occur with H?TN

A

NOTHING

59
Q

What meds end with pril

A

ACE-I

60
Q

What meds end with sartan

A

ARBs

61
Q

What is heart failure

A

Blood is not getting out

62
Q

What is heart failure (four)

A

Ventriclular dysfunction, reduced cardiac output, insufficient trissue perfusion, fluid retention

63
Q

What are the syptoms of heart failre

A

Edema, tachycardia, increased heart size, oliguria

64
Q

What can cause herat failure

A

Uncontrolled BP, increase after/pre load, lose of elasticity

65
Q

What are some of the risk factors for heart failure

A

MI, obesity, smoking, diabetes

66
Q

Which drugs prevent structural changes

A

ARBs

67
Q

What are the physologic changes of heart failure

A

Decrease cardiac output, less GFR, less PEE, stims RAAS system, VASOCONSTRICTION, WATER retention

68
Q

What are natriuratic peptides and what do they do

A

ANP and BNP, released with stretching of the artria, promote loss of fluid

69
Q

What does BNP meausre

A

Cardiac statue in heart failure pts

70
Q

If you can get fluid off then BNP should

A

Be better, <100

71
Q

What does heart failure lok like

A

Where the fluid stays

72
Q

What are the S+S of left sided failure

A

LUNGS: cynosis, pulmonary issures, sweating, tachycardia, confusion

73
Q

What are the S+S of right sided failure

A

BODY: edema in body, JVD, fatigue

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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