BP, RAAS Medications, Vasodilators

Question 1

What is BP

Answer 1

The pressure in the aorta caused by the left bentricle as blood is pumped

Question 2

What is systolic BP

Answer 2

The pressure the the arterials durign contraction

Question 3

What is diastolic BP

Answer 3

The pressure in the arterials during relaxation

Question 4

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 4

The average pressure in the arteries, 70-100

Question 5

What is <120/<80

Answer 5

normal

Question 6

What is >140/>90

Answer 6

Stage 2 hypertension

Question 7

What is 120-129/<80

Answer 7

Elevated

Question 8

What is >180/>120

Answer 8

Hypertensive crisis

Question 9

What is 130-139/80-89

Answer 9

Stage 1 hypertension

Question 10

How can you manage BP

Answer 10

Stress managment, rest, diet-low sodium, exercise, no smoking

Question 11

What are baroreceptos

Answer 11

Stretch receptors in blood vessels

Question 12

What is orthostatic hypotension

Answer 12

Decrease in BP when standing

Question 13

What is orthostatic hypotension caused by

Answer 13

IMmobility, volume loss, meds

Question 14

What are the risk factors for orthostatic hypotension

Answer 14

older, dehydration, pregnant

Question 15

What are the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

Answer 15

Dizzy, syncope

Question 16

What are the treatements for orthostatic hypotension

Answer 16

Slow transitions, fluid adjustments, meds, sitting at the edge of the bed, GAIT BELT

Question 17

What is primary/idiopathic hypertension

Answer 17

Chronic and progressive, with NO acute SYMPTOMS

Question 18

What are some pathological causes of HTN

Answer 18

peripheral resistance, defect in sodium excretion, high metabolic demand, smooth muscle hypertrphy

Question 19

What is peripheral resistance

Answer 19

Build up of plaque

Question 20

What can a defect in sodium excretion do

Answer 20

INcrease the amount of vluids, elevat renin

Question 21

What can high metabolic demands from an increase of body mass do

Answer 21

Increased cardiovascular work

Question 22

What can cause smooth muscle hypertryphy

Answer 22

Sodium accumulation

Question 23

Is there any symtpoms of HTN

Answer 23

NO, check BP

Question 24

Why do African Americans have a higher chance of HTN

Answer 24

PRoduce less renin

Question 25

When is HTN more common for men

Answer 25

before 45

Question 26

When is HTN more common for women

Answer 26

after 64, estrogen levels

Question 27

Is HTN a side effect of oral contraceptives

Answer 27

There is a higher risk

Question 28

Who have the poorest BP control

Answer 28

women 70-79

Question 29

What is secondary HTN

Answer 29

From identifiable cause, treat cause

Question 30

What is malignant HTN

Answer 30

Rapid, diastolic >120, potential STROKE

Question 31

What are some lifestyle changes to treat HTN

Answer 31

sodium restriction diet (DASH): 2g per day

Question 32

What are the medicaiton options for HTN

Answer 32

RAAS or direct vasodilators

Question 33

What are the meds that are active with RAAS

Answer 33

ACE-I, ARB, deirect renin inhibitors, aldosterone antagonists

Question 34

What does the RAAS system do

Answer 34

Regulate BP, blood volume, fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 35

Explain the RAAS system

Answer 35

Liver secretes angiotensinogen, when BP or volume drops renin is releseased from the kidneys, creates angiotension I (ACE-I), ACE releases from lungs to form angiotensi II, That releases aldosterone and constricts vasoconstriction

Question 36

How do ACE-I work

Answer 36

Reduce levels of angiotension II

Question 37

What are the adverse effects of ACE-I

Answer 37

dry nonproductive cough, hyperkalemia, renal failure, angioedema (AIRWAY), fetal injury

Question 38

What do ACE-I end in

Answer 38

PRIL

Question 39

What is the ACE-I drug to know

Answer 39

Lisinopril

Question 40

What do ARBs do

Answer 40

Block access of angiotensin II to receptors in blood vessels, cause DILATION, reduce excretion of potassium, prevents changes in STRUCTURE (heart failure)

Question 41

What do ARBs end in

Answer 41

SARTAN

Question 42

What is the ARB drug to know

Answer 42

Losartan

Question 43

What do direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) do

Answer 43

Directly effect, binds to renin

Question 44

What are the things to do with DRIs

Answer 44

Avoid high fats

Question 45

What is an example of aldosterone antagonists

Answer 45

Sporlactions

Question 46

What are aldosterone antagonists used to treat

Answer 46

HYpertension and heart failure

Question 47

What do aldosterone antagonist do

Answer 47

BLock receptros for aldosterone, promote retention of potassoim and excretion of water

Question 48

What should you know about spironlactone

Answer 48

Affects hormones

Question 49

What about eplerenone

Answer 49

Less effects

Question 50

Can you have more than 1 RAAS med

Answer 50

NO

Question 51

What do vasodilators do

Answer 51

Reduce resistance and workload, dialates CORONARY vessels

Question 52

What are the adverse effects of vasodilators

Answer 52

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, HEADACHE

Question 53

What is hydralazine used ofr

Answer 53

HTN, it is an arterial dilator

Question 54

What are the dise effects of hydralazine

Answer 54

Headache

Question 55

What other meds should you have when using hydralazine

Answer 55

Beta blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia, and diuretics to prevent water retention

Question 56

What is sodium nitropusside used for

Answer 56

FAST-acting, IV infusion

Question 57

What is the major side effect of sodium nitroprusside

Answer 57

Excressive hypotension, MONITOR

Question 58

What symtpoms occur with H?TN

Answer 58

NOTHING

Question 59

What meds end with pril

Answer 59

ACE-I

Question 60

What meds end with sartan

Answer 60

ARBs

Question 61

What is heart failure

Answer 61

Blood is not getting out

Question 62

What is heart failure (four)

Answer 62

Ventriclular dysfunction, reduced cardiac output, insufficient trissue perfusion, fluid retention

Question 63

What are the syptoms of heart failre

Answer 63

Edema, tachycardia, increased heart size, oliguria

Question 64

What can cause herat failure

Answer 64

Uncontrolled BP, increase after/pre load, lose of elasticity

Question 65

What are some of the risk factors for heart failure

Answer 65

MI, obesity, smoking, diabetes

Question 66

Which drugs prevent structural changes

Answer 66

ARBs

Question 67

What are the physologic changes of heart failure

Answer 67

Decrease cardiac output, less GFR, less PEE, stims RAAS system, VASOCONSTRICTION, WATER retention

Question 68

What are natriuratic peptides and what do they do

Answer 68

ANP and BNP, released with stretching of the artria, promote loss of fluid

Question 69

What does BNP meausre

Answer 69

Cardiac statue in heart failure pts

Question 70

If you can get fluid off then BNP should

Answer 70

Be better, <100

Question 71

What does heart failure lok like

Answer 71

Where the fluid stays

Question 72

What are the S+S of left sided failure

Answer 72

LUNGS: cynosis, pulmonary issures, sweating, tachycardia, confusion

Question 73

What are the S+S of right sided failure

Answer 73

BODY: edema in body, JVD, fatigue