Adaptive/ Acquired Immunity

Question 1

When is adaptive immunity used

Answer 1

After barriers have been compromised and INFLAMMAITON has be activated

Question 2

What does adaptive immunity promote against

Answer 2

reinfection

Question 3

What is the difference between adaptive immunity and inflammation

Answer 3

specific, long-lived, and has memory

Question 4

What are antigens

Answer 4

External microbes, they are the tragets of anitbodies

Question 5

What are antibodies

Answer 5

Internal blood proteins in response to specific antigens

Question 6

What are lymphocytes

Answer 6

B and T cells

Question 7

Where are T cells derived

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

Where are B cells derived

Answer 8

Bone marrow

Question 9

What are the two pathways of the adaptive immune system

Answer 9

Humoral and cell-mediated

Question 10

What is humoral immunity

Answer 10

Antibodies are produced by B cells to TRAGET exogenous antigens

Question 11

Where do humoral antibodies circulate

Answer 11

In the blood

Question 12

What does humoral immunity bind to

Answer 12

Antigens on bacteria and viruses

Question 13

What is cellular immunity

Answer 13

Does not result in ANTIBODY preduction but TARGETS antigens

Question 14

What is the cells of cellular immunity

Answer 14

T cells in the blood and tissues

Question 15

What do T cell defend against

Answer 15

Intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells

Question 16

What is the primary cell of humoral immunity

Answer 16

B cells

Question 17

Is humoral immunity fast to act

Answer 17

No, must be EXPOSED via ENIVROMETN of PREMEDITATED (vaccine)

Question 18

Does humoral immunity have memory

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Is humoral immunity systemic or localized

Answer 19

Systemic

Question 20

Where are B cells made and matured

Answer 20

Bone marrow

Question 21

What do B cells develop

Answer 21

Immunocompetence, recognize bad cells and ignore self cells

Question 22

Do B cells have antibodies

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Where do B cells reside

Answer 23

Lumph nodes and blood

Question 24

When are B cells activated

Answer 24

They are exposeed to their perfect match

Question 25

What happens once a B cell bind to an antigen and is activated

Answer 25

Clones it self with the same specific antibodies

Question 26

What are the two types of clones from B cells

Answer 26

Effectors (fighters, plasma cells, spew antibodies) and Memory B cells (remember DNA for antibody)

Question 27

What do memory B-cells do for the next exposure

Answer 27

Stronger, faster response

Question 28

What do antibodies in the fluids do

Answer 28

Bind to antigens and mark them for destruction

Question 29

Do antibodies destroy invaders themselves

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What do binded antibodies do

Answer 30

Neutralization (block binding sites), Agglutination (clumptogether), chemical messengers

Question 31

What are the limitations of humoral immunity

Answer 31

Pathogens mutate and memory cells are ineffective

Question 32

Are memory cells good for mumps and polio

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Are memory cells good for influenza and vocid

Answer 33

no

Question 34

How can you get passive humoral immunity

Answer 34

Fetus, breast milk, no memory cells

Question 35

What are exogenous antibodies

Answer 35

Antibodies from other people

Question 36

What type of antibodies can be used for ebola and covid-19

Answer 36

Exogenous antibodies

Question 37

What are all of the immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Answer 37

GAMED

Question 38

What are the most abundate immunoglobulins

Answer 38

G, protective, placenta

Question 39

Where are IgA found

Answer 39

Blood

Question 40

What is the largest immunoglobulin

Answer 40

M, first antibody, early life

Question 41

What does IgE denfend against

Answer 41

Parasitice infections, ALLERGIES

Question 42

Can antibody production change classes

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

What is cellular immunity used

Answer 43

Last effort, cells are breched

Question 44

What happens after phagocytes engulf and break up invading antigens

Answer 44

Present the antigens of the surface

Question 45

What cell is cellular immunity

Answer 45

T cells

Question 46

Where are T cells made and matured

Answer 46

Mde in bone marrow and matured in thymus

Question 47

T cells only recognized APC

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

What are the 5 types of T cells

Answer 48

Helper, cytotoxic, memory, regulatory, and natural killer

Question 49

What do helper T cells do

Answer 49

Can not DIRECTLY destroy antigen, binds and activates, COPIES itself into different T cells and chemical MESSENGERS called CYTOKINES

Question 50

What are cytokines

Answer 50

Multiply helper T cells, activate cytotix T cells

Question 51

What do cyotkines do to help activate B cells in humoral immunity

Answer 51

Helper T cells inspect bound B cell to see if it's bad or not

Question 52

What do cytoxic T cells do

Answer 52

See APCs, bind, release ENZYMES that puncture and kill the cell, HUNT for more

Question 53

Where are cytotoxic T cells

Answer 53

Blood and lymph

Question 54

What do regulatory T cells do

Answer 54

Release inhibitory cytokines, stops immune response

Question 55

What do autoimmune diseases lack

Answer 55

Regulatory T cells