Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Question 1

What are antimicrobials used for

Answer 1

Treat infectious diseases

Question 2

Are antimicrobials given frequently

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What have antimicrobials reduce

Answer 3

Morbidity, and mortality from infection

Question 4

What is an antibiotic

Answer 4

Meds that target BACTERIA

Question 5

What is an antimicrobial agent

Answer 5

Any agent that can kill or suppress microoorganisms

Question 6

What are the two ways to classify antimicrobial drug

Answer 6

Susceptible organism, mechanism of action

Question 7

What does drugs work on

Answer 7

WALL, PERMEABILITY, PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS, ANTIMETABOTLITES, ENZYMES

Question 8

What are bacteriocidal drugs

Answer 8

Directly kill bacteria

Question 9

What do bacteriostatic

Answer 9

Slow bacteria GROTHS

Question 10

What happens over time

Answer 10

Organisms develop RESISTANCE

Question 11

What are some infections that resistant

Answer 11

MRSA, C. Diff, STAPH, TB

Question 12

What are the four basic actions of drug resistant

Answer 12

Decrease CONCENTRATION of drug, INACTIVATE, alter the STRUCTURE, produce a drug ANTAGONSIT

Question 13

wHAT IS A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION

Answer 13

rANDOM CHANGES IN A MICROBE’S DNA, resistant to ONE drug

Question 14

What is conjugation

Answer 14

DNA is transgerred from one bacgerium to another

Question 15

How does antibiotic use promote resistance

Answer 15

Makes conditions for OVERGROWTH of microbes that have RESISTANCE

Question 16

What antibiotics promote resistance

Answer 16

Broad-spectrum agents

Question 17

What is the relationship between antibiotic use and how fast drug-resistnace atganisms emerge

Answer 17

The more the use increase the faster

Question 18

What does clear exudate mean

Answer 18

Virus

Question 19

What does green-yellow exudate mean

Answer 19

Virus

Question 20

What is another name of nosocomial infections

Answer 20

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)

Question 21

What is a secondary infection

Answer 21

Appears DURING the course of TREATMENT for a primary infection

Question 22

What is a type of seconday infection

Answer 22

Superinfection

Question 23

What are superinfections caused by

Answer 23

Drug-resistant microbes, makes it difficult ot treat

Question 24

How can you delay emergence of drug resistance

Answer 24

Promote adherence to PRESCRIBING, reduce DEMAND by have HEALTHIER people, ADHERENCE to regimens

Question 25

What are the 4 focus areas for the public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance

Answer 25

Surveillance, prevention and control, research, and product development

Question 26

What are the factors of consideration when selecting antibiotics

Answer 26

IDENTIFY organism, drug SENSITIVEITY, HOST factos, ALLERGIES, inabilty to PENETRATE the site of infection, and patient VARIBLES

Question 27

How do you identify organisms

Answer 27

Cultures

Question 28

What is empiric therapy

Answer 28

Antibiotic therapy for pts BEFORE causative organism is positively INDENTIFIES

Question 29

What knowledge do you use to use empiric therapy

Answer 29

Clinical evaluation, and common microbes that caused the infection

Question 30

What are the three ways to identify the infectious organism

Answer 30

Match the drug with the bug, gram-staining, drug susceptibilty

Question 31

What are host factos

Answer 31

Host DEFENSES, SITE of infection, ALLERIC reactions, GENES

Question 32

What is the nurses job to do what treating infections

Answer 32

Monitor for improvement

Question 33

Where must antibiotics be present

Answer 33

Site of infection, for the right length of time

Question 34

What must you teach pts about their prescriptions

Answer 34

To complete it fully for the whole length of time

Question 35

What are the pros of antibiotic combinations

Answer 35

Potnetiative (enhances response)

Question 36

What are the risks of antibiotic combinations

Answer 36

Toxicity (monitor)

Question 37

What does prophylactic use of antimicrobials mean

Answer 37

Given to PREVENT infections rather than treat

Question 38

What are common indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobials

Answer 38

Surgery, bacerial endocarditis, dental work, neutropenia

Question 39

What are common misuses of antimicrobial drugs

Answer 39

Trying to treat CIRAL infections, unknown FEVER, DOSEAGE, bacteria INFO, omission of surgical DRAINING

Question 40

How can you monitor antimicrobial therapy

Answer 40

Clinical responses, lab results (wbc), serum drug levels

Question 41

Should the frequency of monitoring increase wiht severity of infection

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

What are the clinical indicators of successful treatment of infections

Answer 42

Reduced fever, and resolution of affected organs

Question 43

What should you know about when learning drugs

Answer 43

Class, weird things, word parts