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Pathopharm > Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are antimicrobials used for

A

Treat infectious diseases

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2
Q

Are antimicrobials given frequently

A

Yes

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3
Q

What have antimicrobials reduce

A

Morbidity, and mortality from infection

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4
Q

What is an antibiotic

A

Meds that target BACTERIA

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5
Q

What is an antimicrobial agent

A

Any agent that can kill or suppress microoorganisms

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6
Q

What are the two ways to classify antimicrobial drug

A

Susceptible organism, mechanism of action

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7
Q

What does drugs work on

A

WALL, PERMEABILITY, PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS, ANTIMETABOTLITES, ENZYMES

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8
Q

What are bacteriocidal drugs

A

Directly kill bacteria

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9
Q

What do bacteriostatic

A

Slow bacteria GROTHS

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10
Q

What happens over time

A

Organisms develop RESISTANCE

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11
Q

What are some infections that resistant

A

MRSA, C. Diff, STAPH, TB

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12
Q

What are the four basic actions of drug resistant

A

Decrease CONCENTRATION of drug, INACTIVATE, alter the STRUCTURE, produce a drug ANTAGONSIT

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13
Q

wHAT IS A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION

A

rANDOM CHANGES IN A MICROBE’S DNA, resistant to ONE drug

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14
Q

What is conjugation

A

DNA is transgerred from one bacgerium to another

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15
Q

How does antibiotic use promote resistance

A

Makes conditions for OVERGROWTH of microbes that have RESISTANCE

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16
Q

What antibiotics promote resistance

A

Broad-spectrum agents

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17
Q

What is the relationship between antibiotic use and how fast drug-resistnace atganisms emerge

A

The more the use increase the faster

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18
Q

What does clear exudate mean

A

Virus

19
Q

What does green-yellow exudate mean

A

Virus

20
Q

What is another name of nosocomial infections

A

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)

21
Q

What is a secondary infection

A

Appears DURING the course of TREATMENT for a primary infection

22
Q

What is a type of seconday infection

A

Superinfection

23
Q

What are superinfections caused by

A

Drug-resistant microbes, makes it difficult ot treat

24
Q

How can you delay emergence of drug resistance

A

Promote adherence to PRESCRIBING, reduce DEMAND by have HEALTHIER people, ADHERENCE to regimens

25
Q

What are the 4 focus areas for the public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance

A

Surveillance, prevention and control, research, and product development

26
Q

What are the factors of consideration when selecting antibiotics

A

IDENTIFY organism, drug SENSITIVEITY, HOST factos, ALLERGIES, inabilty to PENETRATE the site of infection, and patient VARIBLES

27
Q

How do you identify organisms

A

Cultures

28
Q

What is empiric therapy

A

Antibiotic therapy for pts BEFORE causative organism is positively INDENTIFIES

29
Q

What knowledge do you use to use empiric therapy

A

Clinical evaluation, and common microbes that caused the infection

30
Q

What are the three ways to identify the infectious organism

A

Match the drug with the bug, gram-staining, drug susceptibilty

31
Q

What are host factos

A

Host DEFENSES, SITE of infection, ALLERIC reactions, GENES

32
Q

What is the nurses job to do what treating infections

A

Monitor for improvement

33
Q

Where must antibiotics be present

A

Site of infection, for the right length of time

34
Q

What must you teach pts about their prescriptions

A

To complete it fully for the whole length of time

35
Q

What are the pros of antibiotic combinations

A

Potnetiative (enhances response)

36
Q

What are the risks of antibiotic combinations

A

Toxicity (monitor)

37
Q

What does prophylactic use of antimicrobials mean

A

Given to PREVENT infections rather than treat

38
Q

What are common indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobials

A

Surgery, bacerial endocarditis, dental work, neutropenia

39
Q

What are common misuses of antimicrobial drugs

A

Trying to treat CIRAL infections, unknown FEVER, DOSEAGE, bacteria INFO, omission of surgical DRAINING

40
Q

How can you monitor antimicrobial therapy

A

Clinical responses, lab results (wbc), serum drug levels

41
Q

Should the frequency of monitoring increase wiht severity of infection

A

Yes

42
Q

What are the clinical indicators of successful treatment of infections

A

Reduced fever, and resolution of affected organs

43
Q

What should you know about when learning drugs

A

Class, weird things, word parts

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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