Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards
What are antimicrobials used for
Treat infectious diseases
Are antimicrobials given frequently
Yes
What have antimicrobials reduce
Morbidity, and mortality from infection
What is an antibiotic
Meds that target BACTERIA
What is an antimicrobial agent
Any agent that can kill or suppress microoorganisms
What are the two ways to classify antimicrobial drug
Susceptible organism, mechanism of action
What does drugs work on
WALL, PERMEABILITY, PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS, ANTIMETABOTLITES, ENZYMES
What are bacteriocidal drugs
Directly kill bacteria
What do bacteriostatic
Slow bacteria GROTHS
What happens over time
Organisms develop RESISTANCE
What are some infections that resistant
MRSA, C. Diff, STAPH, TB
What are the four basic actions of drug resistant
Decrease CONCENTRATION of drug, INACTIVATE, alter the STRUCTURE, produce a drug ANTAGONSIT
wHAT IS A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION
rANDOM CHANGES IN A MICROBE’S DNA, resistant to ONE drug
What is conjugation
DNA is transgerred from one bacgerium to another
How does antibiotic use promote resistance
Makes conditions for OVERGROWTH of microbes that have RESISTANCE
What antibiotics promote resistance
Broad-spectrum agents
What is the relationship between antibiotic use and how fast drug-resistnace atganisms emerge
The more the use increase the faster
What does clear exudate mean
Virus
What does green-yellow exudate mean
Virus
What is another name of nosocomial infections
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
What is a secondary infection
Appears DURING the course of TREATMENT for a primary infection
What is a type of seconday infection
Superinfection
What are superinfections caused by
Drug-resistant microbes, makes it difficult ot treat
How can you delay emergence of drug resistance
Promote adherence to PRESCRIBING, reduce DEMAND by have HEALTHIER people, ADHERENCE to regimens
What are the 4 focus areas for the public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance
Surveillance, prevention and control, research, and product development
What are the factors of consideration when selecting antibiotics
IDENTIFY organism, drug SENSITIVEITY, HOST factos, ALLERGIES, inabilty to PENETRATE the site of infection, and patient VARIBLES
How do you identify organisms
Cultures
What is empiric therapy
Antibiotic therapy for pts BEFORE causative organism is positively INDENTIFIES
What knowledge do you use to use empiric therapy
Clinical evaluation, and common microbes that caused the infection
What are the three ways to identify the infectious organism
Match the drug with the bug, gram-staining, drug susceptibilty
What are host factos
Host DEFENSES, SITE of infection, ALLERIC reactions, GENES
What is the nurses job to do what treating infections
Monitor for improvement
Where must antibiotics be present
Site of infection, for the right length of time
What must you teach pts about their prescriptions
To complete it fully for the whole length of time
What are the pros of antibiotic combinations
Potnetiative (enhances response)
What are the risks of antibiotic combinations
Toxicity (monitor)
What does prophylactic use of antimicrobials mean
Given to PREVENT infections rather than treat
What are common indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobials
Surgery, bacerial endocarditis, dental work, neutropenia
What are common misuses of antimicrobial drugs
Trying to treat CIRAL infections, unknown FEVER, DOSEAGE, bacteria INFO, omission of surgical DRAINING
How can you monitor antimicrobial therapy
Clinical responses, lab results (wbc), serum drug levels
Should the frequency of monitoring increase wiht severity of infection
Yes
What are the clinical indicators of successful treatment of infections
Reduced fever, and resolution of affected organs
What should you know about when learning drugs
Class, weird things, word parts
