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Pathopharm > Cardiac Conduction, Calcium Channel Blockers, Anti-Dysrhythmic Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Conduction, Calcium Channel Blockers, Anti-Dysrhythmic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What has to happen for the heart to be able to pump

A

Electrical simulation

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2
Q

What does the electrical acticity of the heart cause

A

Contraction and blood flow

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3
Q

What are the 4 properties of cardiac tissue

A

Auto/conduc/exicitab/contractility

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4
Q

What is automaticity

A

Ability to initiate an impulse

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5
Q

Where does the pulse start from

A

SA node

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6
Q

What do cardiac cells do to act as a syncytium

A

Work as one

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7
Q

Can there be spontaneous depolarization of the cardiac cells

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is conductivity

A

Ability for an impulse to move along, SPREAD from cell to cell

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9
Q

What is excitability

A

Ability to be elctriclaly stimulated

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10
Q

What is contractility

A

Ability to respond mechanically to an impulse, STRETCH

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11
Q

What is the polarized state

A

Rest, K inside: Ca and Na outside

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12
Q

What is cell depolarization

A

Contraction

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13
Q

What is cell repolarization

A

going be to polarization

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14
Q

What is the hearts main pacemaker

A

sa NODE

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15
Q

What is the normal bpm from the SA node

A

60-100

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16
Q

What is the AV responsible for

A

The delayed impulse which prevents the ventricle from contracting too quickly, allows for better STRETCH

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17
Q

What is the stretch law

A

Starlings law

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18
Q

What does the bundle of HIS do

A

Repid impulse down to the ventricles

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19
Q

What are the purkinje fibers

A

They depolarize the cells

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20
Q

What are the two types of actoin potential channels

A

Faster and slower

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21
Q

What are ECGs used for

A

Dysrhythmia, MI, effects of MEDS

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22
Q

What should you remeber about lead placment

A

white on right, snow over grass

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23
Q

What is a dysrhythmia (arrhythmia)

A

Abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeat

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24
Q

What do dycrhythmias arise from

A

Impulse formation disturbances

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25
Q

What are the two fundamental causes of dycrhythmias

A

Distrunances of automaticity or conduction

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26
Q

What are some examples of disturbances of conduction

A

AV block or reentry (circular motion)

27
Q

What is A-fib

A

no definded P-wave, irregular ventricle rythm of the QRS complex

28
Q

What is PAC

A

premature atrial contarction

29
Q

What is V-fib

A

No pulse, blood is not pumping out because the ventricle is not pulsating correctly

30
Q

What is V-tach

A

Saw tooth, big issue

31
Q

What are the properties of dysrhythmias

A

Sustatained, symptomatic, above or in the ventricle, acute or long term

32
Q

What are the symtpoms of a-fib

A

Increased HR, SOB, feeling of fluttering

33
Q

What is the type of treatment you will use for long term care

A

Beta-blockers to decrease HR, anti-coag, because with a-fib the blood will not move well through the artria

34
Q

What do beta-blockers end with

35
Q

How do beta blockers work

A

Decrease automaticity of the SA node and the time of AV node

36
Q

What are the adverse affects of beta blockers

A

AV block, bronchospasm in ASTHMA pts

37
Q

What do potasisum channel blockers end in

38
Q

What is the potassium channel blocker

A

Amiodarone

39
Q

How do potassium channel blockers work

A

IN emergencys, V-fib/tach

40
Q

What are you going to do when you give your pt amiodarone

A

MONITOR, AV block

41
Q

What are the drug interactions of potassium channel blockers

A

Increases levels of diltiazem, digoxin, warfrin, other beta-blockers

42
Q

What should you keep in mind about potassium channel blockers

A

no grapefruit (increase), or cholestyramines (reduces), careful with dirutectics (potassium levels off)

43
Q

What do calcium channels do

A

regulate entry of calcium into the cells

44
Q

What will happen if calcium channels are blocked

A

Vasodilation, contraction will not happen

45
Q

What happens if calcium channels are open

A

Increases the force of contraction and increases the SA node

46
Q

What are the three subclasses of calcium channel blockers

A

Phenylakylamines, benzothiazepines, diyhydropyridines

47
Q

What is the drug for phenylakylamines

48
Q

What is the drug for benzothiazepines

49
Q

What is the drug for dihydropyridines

A

Nifedipine

50
Q

Which drugs work of the arteriles and the heart

A

Verapamil and diltiazem

51
Q

What drug jsut works on the arteriles

A

BNifedipine

52
Q

What is the nomonic to rembere the drugs of calcium channel blockers

A

Very Nice Drugs
Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem

53
Q

What does verapamil and diltiazem do

A

Reduce SA and AV nodes, slow ventriclular rate, stop SVT

54
Q

What are verapmil and diltiazem used for

A

BP and dsrythmias

55
Q

What are the adverse effects of verapamil and diltiazem

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, constipation

56
Q

Can dihydropyridines be used for dysrhythmias

57
Q

What are the adverse effects of nifedipine and amlodipine

A

peripheral edema in older women

58
Q

What do verapamil and diltiazem act on

A

Smooth muscle and the heart

59
Q

What are you going to teach your pts about calcium channel blockers

A

Monitor for slow HR, swelling, constipation

60
Q

What is adenosin used for

A

Termination of SVT, slowers conduction of AV node, QUICKLY

61
Q

How fast do you push adenosin

A

FAST push and FAST flush

62
Q

What are the adverse effects of adenosine

A

Dyspnea, SOB, facial flushing, chest discomfort

63
Q

What are the nursing implications for use of adenosine

A

O2, hooker up to everything

Pathopharm (19 decks)

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