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Phys Psych > Strokes and Brain tumors > Flashcards

Strokes and Brain tumors Flashcards

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1
Q

what are neurological disorders?

A

Diseases of the nervous system that affects the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

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2
Q

Cerebrovascular disorders

A

a group of conditions that affect blood vessels and blood flow in the brain

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3
Q

Cerebrovascular system

A

blood is supplied by 2 arteries

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4
Q

Cerebrovascular system: anterior blood supply

A

Supplied by intracarotid arteries (ICA)
Anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
Middle cerebral arteries (MCA)

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5
Q

Cerebrovascular system: posterior blood supply

A

Supplied by vertebral arteries which join to form the basilar artery
cerebellar artery
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
creates circle of Willis

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6
Q

Watershed zones

A

regions between or further away from major cerebral arterial territories
blood supply is decreased in these regions
more vulnerable to infarcts here

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7
Q

Infarcts

A

tissue death/necrosis

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8
Q

Stroke

A

cerebrovascular disorder of sudden onset
cased by hemorrhages or bursting of aneurysms
results in death of brain tissue

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9
Q

Types of strokes

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic

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10
Q

Stroke symptoms

A

sudden onset of trouble with limb weakness, numbness/tingling, confusion, trouble speaking/comprehending, etc

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11
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

(85%) results from an obstruction of blood flow from a thrombosis (blood clot w/in blood vessel) or embolus (blood clot travels from body) to an artery supplying the brain

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12
Q

Factors contributing to a blockage: Atherosclerosis

A

narrowing artery from plaque backup

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13
Q

Factors contributing to a blockage: Arteriosclerosis

A

stiffening/hardening of artery wall

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14
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

(15%) caused by rupture of cerebral blood vessel

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15
Q

Mortality of hemorrhagic stroke

A

32-52% die within the first 30 days

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16
Q

Intracranial hemorrhagic

A

bleed under skull, often due to trauma
typically used for strokes in meninges

17
Q

Intraventricular hemorrhagic

A

bleed in ventricular system

18
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhagic (Primary&secondary)

A

bleed in brain tissue (2/3 of H strokes)
primary: (spontaneous) rupture of small vessels due to damage (hypertension)
Secondary: when associated with a precipitating event (aneurysm or trauma)

19
Q

Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)

A

symptoms similar to a stroke (mini-stroke)
results in no neuroimaging evidence or resolves within 24hrs
majority last less than an hour and dont leave tissue death
warning sign of future stroke

20
Q

TIA mechanism

A

brief blocking of a cerebral vessel caused by narrowing or form embolus

21
Q

Stroke treatments

A

a surgery to remove obstructions, blood thinners, platelet anticoagulants, rehab to restore cog/behavioral functions or to compensate, adapt or to make accommodations.
role of neuropsych: identify deficits, quantify severity, and dev rehab

22
Q

Brain tumors

A

growth of abnormal cells in brain
2 origins: metastatic and primary
2 types: malignant and benign

23
Q

metastatic tumor

A

originated in the body and spreads to brain through blood cells and lymph channels

24
Q

Primary tumor

A

originates in the brain

25
Q

Malignant tumor

A

cancerous, no border b/t tumor and tissue, cant be removed easily, fast, invasive

26
Q

Benign tumor

A

non-cancerous, distinct borders b/t tumor and tissue, removed easily, slow, non-invasive

27
Q

Signs and symptoms of a tumor

A

varies depending on type/location, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure
headaches, seizures, vomiting, loss of appetite, personality/mood changes, vertigo, fatigue, cog impairment

28
Q

Left hemisphere tumor lesions

A

language

29
Q

Right hemisphere tumor lesions

A

visual-perceptual/spatial

30
Q

thalamic tumor lesions

A

contralateral sensory loss, weakness on 1/2 of body, aphasias

31
Q

Cerebellar tumor lesions

A

gait/coordination

32
Q

temporal tumor lesions

A

memory

33
Q

Tumor diagnosis

A

need to rule out other conditions
-brain biopsy required to confirm
-CT and MRI used for screening and differential diagnosis
-PET provides info about blood flow, metabolism, and physiology of tumors
-fMRI for mapping

34
Q

Tumor treatments

A

surgery: remove as much as pos without damage
radiation therapy: kill cancer cells

35
Q

whole brain radiation therapy

A

common
side effects: weight loss, nausea, verbal mem, executive functioning, processing speed

36
Q

Gamma knife radiation

A

focused gamma radiation to a small area
general better cog outcomes

37
Q

Chemotherapy

A

kill cancer to disrupt cell proliferation
cog impairments possible

Phys Psych (21 decks)

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