Sleep

Question 1

Sleep

Answer 1

a behavior and mostly unconscious state. we spend 1/3 of our life asleep

Question 2

how is sleep measured?

Answer 2

eeg

Question 3

Stages of sleep

Answer 3

3 stages of NREM getting deeper as they go on and rem sleep

Question 4

waking

Answer 4

alpha waves and beta waves

Question 5

Alpha waves

Answer 5

resting but not sleeping (8-12)

Question 6

Beta waves

Answer 6

thinking or dreaming (13-30)

Question 7

Step 1 of sleep

Answer 7

theta waves (3.5-7.5) transition b/t waking and sleeping or drowsiness or boredom

Question 8

stage 2 of sleep

Answer 8

theta waves, sleep spindles (short bursts of 12-14), and k complexes (sudden sharp waves)

Question 9

stage 3 of sleep

Answer 9

delta waves (less than 3.5) high amplitude, “slow wave sleep”

Question 10

rem sleep

Answer 10

similar to waking state where the brain is dreaming; increased limbic activity but PFC is activated

Question 11

why do we sleep?

Answer 11

protection, recuperation, memory, creative thinking, growth

Question 12

functions of rem sleep

Answer 12

promotes brain development and learning/memory consolidation

Question 13

neural control of sleep

Answer 13

adenosine (a neuromodulator) may play a role in the control of sleep and being awake for too long can cause an accumulation of adenosine

Question 14

neural control of arousal

Answer 14

acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin play a role

Question 15

Acetylcholine

Answer 15

involved in arousal, attention, memory, and controls muscle contractions. most ACH neurons elevated in REM sleep

Question 16

norepinephrine

Answer 16

catecholamine agonist and deals with arousal and sleepiness. Fluctuates throughout the sleep/wake cycle

Question 17

Serotonin

Answer 17

serotonergic neurons are active mostly during waking

Question 18

histamine

Answer 18

antihistamines cause drowsiness by blocking histamine receptors; histaminergic neurons are most active during waking hours

Question 19

orexin

Answer 19

orexin neurons are in the hypthalamus and project to nearly every part of the brain; active during waking hours

Question 20

circadian rhythm

Answer 20

neural control of sleep/wake conditions; the biological clock with regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Question 21

Zeitgeber

Answer 21

a source thar causes the circadian rhythm to function (light, noise heat) causes you to either wake up or fall asleep

Question 22

melatonin

Answer 22

another controller of circadian rhythms; hormone secreted by the pineal gland that is released at night