Neuron Anatomy

Question 1

nerves

Answer 1

bundles of individual neurons

Question 2

central nervous system consists of

Answer 2

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 3

peripheral nervous system consists of

Answer 3

everything else, nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what does the cns do

Answer 4

it is the master control unit

Question 5

what does the pns do

Answer 5

links the body to the world

Question 6

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 6

regulates involuntary body processes

Question 7

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 7

carries sensory info from sensory organs to cns

Question 8

spinal cord

Answer 8

column of nerves b/t brain and pns

Question 9

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 9

prepares body for action and stress

Question 10

parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 10

calms body and helps energy conservation

Question 11

neuron types

Answer 11

sensory motor and interneurons

Question 12

sensory neurons

Answer 12

detect changes in internal and external enviornment

Question 13

motor neurons

Answer 13

control muscle contractions and gland secretion

Question 14

Soma

Answer 14

cell body of a neruon

Question 15

dendrites

Answer 15

branchlike structure attached to soma

Question 16

axon hillock

Answer 16

connects cell body to axon, region where plasma membrane generates action potentials

Question 17

axon

Answer 17

long tube that conveys info from soma to terminal buttons

Question 18

terminal buttons

Answer 18

buds at the end of axon branch that sends info to other neurons

Question 19

synapse

Answer 19

junction b/t terminal button and part of the soma/dendrite

Question 20

axoplasmic transport

Answer 20

how info travels. 2 types: anterograde and retrograde

Question 21

anterograde transport

Answer 21

movement from soma to terminal buttons; mediated by kinesin proteins

Question 22

retrograde transport

Answer 22

movement from terminal buttons to soma; mediated by dynein proteins

Question 23

benefit of hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail structure of cell membrane?

Answer 23

makes it harder for water and water-soluble materials to cross

Question 24

Golgi apparatus

Answer 24

type of smooth er that edits proteins made in rough er. packages into vesicles for sending

Question 25

glial cells (2 things)

Answer 25

suppot cells in the cns that give nutrients to neurons and helps remove dead neurons

Question 26

Astrocytes

Answer 26

star cells that consume dead cells in cns, can travel through cns, and limit neurotransmitters

Question 27

oligodendrocytes

Answer 27

form mylein in cns, one can mylenate multiple axons

Question 28

microglia

Answer 28

smallest glial cells, help immune response from trauma to brain

Question 29

schwann cells

Answer 29

only support cell in pns, form mylein sheath, one cell per one segment

Question 30

blood brain barrier

Answer 30

barrier b/t blood and fluid surrounding cells of the brain and spinal cord

Question 31

what does the blood brain barrier do

Answer 31

makes it easier to regulate extracellular fluid to allow messages to be sent from inside to outside the brain