Dementias Flashcards
Diagnostic goal
whether or not cognitive changes are above and beyond what we expect from normal aging
Dementia
a collection of cognitive/personality/behavioral changes associated with disease progression
Atrophy
neuronal loss leading to loss of brain volume
cortical dementia
affects behavior, personality, and memory.
-alzheimers, FTD
Subcortical dementia
affects motor, processing speed, and attention
-Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
Mixed dementia
affects cortical and subcortical areas
-lewy body, vascular dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
most common dementia, 50%
-majority dev after 65
-risk increases with age
-onset can happen as early as 40
Alzheimer’s pathology
characterized with abnormal protein deposits (amyloid plaques and tau tangles)
-initial degeneration occurs in the medial temporal lobe (memory), the hippocampus, and the entorhinal cortex
-later spreads to the parietal and frontal cortexes (perceptual, visual, and exec. funtioning)
Alzheimer’s MRI finding
temporal and parietal lobe atrophy, enlargement of the ventricles
Mild Alzheimer’s
memory lapses, word finding problems, trouble with planning and organizing
Moderate Alzheimer’s
more pronounced memory and word finding problems, increased executive concerns, personality changes, changes in sleep patterns
Severe Alzheimer’s
brain tissue shrink significantly, severe cog impairments, withdrawl
Alzheimer’s early deficits
memory impairment (amnesia), rapid forgetting, impaired learning, semantic memory deficits
Alzheimer’s later deficits
global cognitive impairment, visual agnosia, aphasia
Vascular dementia
2nd most common (10% pure 15%mixed)
-onset b/t 60-75
VD risk factors
stroke, high bp, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity
VD course
depends on when/where ischemic event occurs in the brain
-often a stepwise pattern (periods of stability followed by rapid deterioration due to additional strokes)
VD pathology
cause; cerebrovascular disease or impaired cerebral blood flow
-frontal subcortical profile (slow processing, attention, concentration, exec functioning)
-impaired memory as a consequence of impaired attention/concentration
-spec deficits due to lesion location
Frontal temporal dementia
4th most common
-onset b/t 50-60 (earlier than most)
-Risk: genetics and presence of ubiquitin