Somatosenses

Question 1

Somatosenses

Answer 1

provide info about what is happening on our body surface and insides

Question 2

Cutaneous

Answer 2

skin senses; pressure, vibration, heating, cooling, tissue damage, pain

Question 3

Proprioception

Answer 3

body’s posture

Question 4

kinesthesia

Answer 4

body’s movement; receptors in joints and muscle length receptors

Question 5

Organis senses

Answer 5

arise from receptors within inner organs; digestive system

Question 6

epidermis

Answer 6

outermost layer of skin, hairy and glabrous skin

Question 7

dermis

Answer 7

contains tough connective tissue, sweat glands, hair follicles

Question 8

mechanoreceptors

Answer 8

vibration and touch sensitive

Question 9

Mech: touch sensitive

Answer 9

merkel’s disks ane messiners corpuscles

Question 10

Mech: vibration sensitive

Answer 10

ruffni corpuscles, pacinian corpsules

Question 11

Touch

Answer 11

detected by mechanoreceptors, detection causes movement of dendrites which causes ion channels to open, flow of ions causes a change in membrane potential

Question 12

temperature

Answer 12

warmth: deeply in skin. coolness: just beneath epidermis

Question 13

pain

Answer 13

perception is accomplished by networks of free nerve endings in the skin

Question 14

3 types of nociceptors

Answer 14

high threshold, TRPV1, and TRPA 1

Question 15

high-threshold receptors

Answer 15

respond to intense pressure (pinch)

Question 16

TRPV1 receptors

Answer 16

sensitive to heat, acids and presence of capsaicin

Question 17

TRPA1 receptors

Answer 17

sensitive to pungent irritants

Question 18

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 18

receives body sense information; has a somatotopic arrangement

Question 19

Info from nerves pathway

Answer 19

medulla, medial lemniscus, central posterior nucleus of thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex, association cortex

Question 20

Dorsal column

Answer 20

carries touch and kinesthesia information

Question 21

spinothalamic tract

Answer 21

carries pain and temperature information

Question 22

3 components of pain

Answer 22

sensory (pure perception), immediate emotional (unpleasantness), and long term emotional ( the treat to well being)

Question 23

Pain: Brain: sensory

Answer 23

spinal cord, ventral posterolateral thalamus, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex

Question 24

Pain: brain: immediate emotional

Answer 24

mediated by pathways that reach the anterior cingulate cortex and the insular cortex

Question 25

Pain: brain: longterm emotional

Answer 25

mediated by pathways that reach the prefrontal cortex

Question 26

Somatosensory agnosia

Answer 26

caused by large lesions to parietal cortex

Question 27

astereognosia

Answer 27

loss of ability to recognize objects by touch

Question 28

asomatognoisa

Answer 28

loss of ability to recognize parts of ones own body

Question 29

gustation

Answer 29

perception of taste

Question 30

taste

Answer 30

sensation of different components of food

Question 31

flavor

Answer 31

combination of taste and smell

Question 32

5 qualities of taste

Answer 32

bitterness, sourness, sweetness, saltiness, and umami

Question 33

how many taste buds do we have

Answer 33

10,000

Question 34

how many receptors per tastebud?

Answer 34

20-50`

Question 35

perception of taste

Answer 35

the tasted molecule binds to a receptor and changes the permeability of the membrane that cause receptor potentials; different molecules bind to different receptors producing different tastes

Question 36

what is the stimuli for saltiness

Answer 36

sodium

Question 37

what is the stimuli for sourness

Answer 37

hydrogen ions

Question 38

what is the stimuli for sweetness

Answer 38

glucose/fructose

Question 39

what is the stimuli for bitterness

Answer 39

plant alkaloids

Question 40

what is the stimuli for umami

Answer 40

glutamate

Question 41

taste neural pathway

Answer 41

gustatory receptors, medulla, ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, primary gustatory cortex, gustatory association cortex

Question 42

taste is

Answer 42

ipsilateral

Question 43

olfaction

Answer 43

helps us identify foods that are bad

Question 44

where do olfactory receptor cells lie

Answer 44

the olfactory epithelium at the top of the nasal cavity

Question 45

olfactory processing

Answer 45

olfactory receptors are bipolar neurons whose cell bodies lie within the bone at the base of the rostral part of the brain each receptor sends a single axon to the olfactory bulb and forms synapses with mitral cells the axons travel to the rest of the brain through olfactory tracks axons project onto the amygdala, primary o cortex, and entorhinal cortex

Question 46

Main neural pathways

Answer 46

olfactory tract to amygdala to the hypothalamus, olfactory tract to primary olfactory cortex to hypothalamus and orbitofrontal cortex, olfactory tract to entorhinal cortex to hippocampus

Question 47

transduction of olfaction

Answer 47

molecules bind to o receptors, g proteins open sodium channels and produce depolarizing receptor potentials, humans can recognize up to 10,000 smells from only 339 receptors