Nervous system structure Flashcards
21 days after conception, what develops?
The neural tube
What does the neural tube become
the brain and spinal cord
What is the acronym for brain development?
Tel, di, mes, met, my
Progenitor cells
Stem cells that become braincells
Symmetrical division
Turns 1 progenitor cell into 2
Asymmetrical division
1 progenitor cell and one brain cell (radial glia) become astrocytes
Apoptosis
Lots of neural connections form in the brain. Some needed, some not. By age 14, they send a signal to die if they aren’t needed
What is the forebrain made up of?
The telencephalon and diencephalon
What is the telencephalon made up of?
The cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, and the limbic system
Cerebral cortex
has sulci, fissures, and gyri (small grooves, large grooves, and budges). Is compromised of gray matter
4 lobes of cerebral cortex
Frontal (Planning, organization, etc.) Parietal (Sensory) Temporal (process sensory, memory) Occipital ( visual)
Right hemisphere of cerebral cortex
synthesizes info (drawing, reading maps, etc.)
Left hemisphere of cerebral cortex
analyzes info (Language and behavior)
corpus callosum
connects 2 hemispheres and allows for 2 sides to work together quickly
Limbic system
Collection of regions that are involved in emotions, learning, and memory
Areas involved in limbic system
Hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nuclei, and parts of the hypothalamus
Limbic system: hippocampus
Learning/ memory
Limbic system: amygdala
Emotions
Limbic system: fornix
Long-term memories
Limbic system: Mammillary bodies
Learning/memory, relays info to other regions
Limbic system: anterior thalamic nuclei
Alertness and learning
Limbic system: parts of hypothalamus
Regulates stress and endocrine functioning
Basal ganglia
movement and some executive functioning
What makes up the midbrain?
The mesencephalon
What makes up the mesencephalon?
The tectum, the tegmentum, periaqueductal gray matter, red nucleus and substentia nigra
What makes up the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
Thalamus
relay station. Sends info to the cortex, primarily sensory info.
Hypothalamus
Controls the autonomic nervous system
Tectum
Superior colliculi-visual Inferior colliculo-auditory
Tegmentum
Reticular formation: sleep/wake
Periaqueductal gray matter
automatic behavior
Red nucleus & substentia nigra
Movement
What makes up the hindbrain?
The metencephalon
What makes up the metencephalon
The cerebellum and the pons
Cerebellum
The “little brain”, has 2 hemispheres, coordinates movement
Pons
Sleep/wake
